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They're producing electrical signals in the brain they're not recording from the brain, but it's not that big of a difference.
它们只能向大脑发出信号,而不能记录反馈大脑的信号,但是这两者技术要求差别不大
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Something that also stimulates your brain. So you just don't focus on small things or small challenges.
一些会激发你的大脑的东西。所以你就不会关注小事情或小挑战了。
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In fact, it's a specific person's brain, and what's interesting about the brain is that little white mark there.
实际上这是个特殊人物的大脑,有意思的是,大脑上有个白色的小标记
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In the 1st part you can see is that we zoom in here to the very back of the brain.
第一部分中,大家看到的是我们放大了的大脑后面的部分。
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I get that the best research suggest we don't really have complete redundancy with hemispheres, but suppose that we did.
我知道有实验证明过,我们大脑的多余部分,并不是都分布在左或者右半脑里，但假设多余部分确实分布在半脑里。
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They go through these wires and into these electrodes that are deep in your brain, and they stimulate tissue inside the brain.
电信号通过这些线路,传递至植入于大脑的电极中,由此刺激大脑中的组织
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But in cultures where the food environment doesn't represent the conditions the brain expects, you've got a mismatch.
但是当你所处的食物环境,不符合大脑的预期时,理想和现实错位了
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We differ from lower animals and our brains, which are much more capable of storing and processing information, but we're living in a time of revolution when machines are challenging or competing with our brains.
我们不同于其他低等动物，我们的大脑更能够存储和处理信息，不过身处改革年代,机器开始挑战甚至是,和我们的大脑开始竞争。
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We talked about the auditory cortex the first section and maybe there are other parts of the brain that are factoring in here as well but how is it that composers send this information to let's say, our auditory cortex here?
我们在第一节课的时候谈到过听觉皮层,也许大脑的其他部分,也参与了进来,但作曲家是怎么做到把这些信息,传送到我们所谓的听觉皮层的呢
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So, learning what parts of the brain are responsible for our ability to communicate,
因此，研究大脑的哪部分负责我们的沟通能力，
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And you can see they are nicely active and separated in the space of the brain.
各位能够看到，它们比较活跃,分布在大脑的不同区域。
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Rather, they're located-- they're related at a pinpoint level to certain parts of your brain.
相反,它们定位于,它们都精确地定位于大脑的某个部位
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suppose we rip out my brain, put in Johns' brain, ? have I gotten a brain transplant?
假设我的大脑被拿走，放进了约翰斯的大脑，我接受的是大脑移植吗？
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They're cute because there are certain cues that correspond to the way our brains work.
他们可爱，因为他们,与我们大脑的特定方式有联系。
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All I want to say is the fan of the brain theory you got a brain transplant, what's really happened is somebody else has got a torsel transplant.
我想说的是遵循大脑论,你接受的是大脑移植，但事实是,是另一个人接受了躯干移植。
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Now, there's some things you don't actually need your brain to do.
事实上,有些活动并不需要大脑的参与
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Well, one answer is neural maturation, growth of the brain.
答案之一就是神经元的成熟,也就是大脑的发育
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We might ask ourselves, do we need all of the brain?
我们可以问自己，我们是否需要大脑的所有部分？
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Our best science suggests that a well-functioning body can perform these things, can think and plan and fall in love by virtue of the fact that the brain is functioning properly.
现今科学认为,一个运作良好的肉体能够做到以下事情,思考,规划,以及彼此相爱,这都得益于,大脑的正常运作
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A second consideration is the brain is extremely fast.
第二个方面就是,大脑的反应非常迅速
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And this is again an extraordinary example of how the brain can give rise to the mind, and how things that go wrong with the brain can affect you in a serious way.
这又是一个说明大脑如何引起心理的,非常典型的例子,并且说明了大脑的损伤,将会严重影响我们的日常行为
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And this is a picture of the brain.
这是大脑的一张图片。
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and what we saw, just to cut to the data, is that when people anticipated making money we saw increased activation and the region not far from the region that Olds and Milner stimulated in 1954.
而我们所见的则转换成了数据，当人们预期会赚钱时,我们看见大脑活动的增加,而这块活动增加的区域,和奥兹和米尔纳在1954年试验时的大脑区域相隔不远。
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Transfer the entire brain,the patient wakes up.
移植整个大脑的时候，病人就会苏醒。
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Because the brain in front of you-- you can't see it,but it's in front of you-- the brain in front of you is the very same brain as the brain that you had in front of you on Thursday.
是因为你们面前这个大脑的存在-,你看不见，但其确实是存在的-,你们面前的这个大脑,和周四那个大脑是一样的。
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Mike is quite disorganized there.
迈克大脑的这部分比较紊乱。
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Johns' brain, Smith's torsel.
约翰斯的大脑，史密斯的躯干。
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How much of the brain?
大脑的哪些部分？
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If you put the electrode in just the right place, then when the electrode gets turned on, it stimulates the pleasure center in the rat's brain and it gets a little burst of pleasure, a pretty intense burst of pleasure.
只要把电极放对地方，然后启动电极，刺激老鼠大脑的快乐中枢,老鼠感受到一股快感，一股很强烈的快感。
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So, what I want to do is start off small, with the smallest interesting part of the brain and then get bigger and bigger and bigger talk about how the small part of the brain, the neurons, the basic building blocks of thought, combine to other mental structures and into different subparts of the brain and finally to the whole thing.
我将从细微入手,从大脑最细微的部分开始,然后逐步扩大,来谈谈大脑的基本单元,也就是神经元,也是思考的基本构造,是如何组成其他心理结构的,又是如何形成不同脑组织的,最终构建出了整个的大脑
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