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We think that anticipation is a powerful evoker of desire, and we think that brain activation can reflect that.
我们认为,预期是有关欲望的一种有效观测手段，同时我们认为，大脑活动能够将其反映出来。
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Neuropsychologists love when motorcyclists drive without helmets because through their horrible accidents we gain great insights into how the brain works.
他们喜欢不带安全帽就能开摩托车的时代,因为通过他们严重的交通事故,我们能够了解大脑是如何进行活动的
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When you correlate people's preference when they see products with activation in this area, you'll see a nice correlation.
这一区域的大脑活动,同人们在见到商品后的表现，完美地联系了起来。
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You can put somebody in an MRI machine now and have them read a book and look at what parts of their brain become activated when they're reading and what parts stop activating when they stop reading, so you can learn where in their brain is reading done.
现在如果有人躺在核磁共振仪中进行阅读,我们就可以看到,在阅读时,大脑哪些部位变得活跃,停止阅读时哪些部位停止活动,这样我们就知道了,大脑中什么部位是和阅读相关的
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And on the right is showing you what pattern of activity would be in a controlled brain in most view.
在右边，我们看到控制组大脑的大部分视图,能看出其活动的模式。
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To put it the way cognitive scientists and psychologists and neuroscientists like to put it, "The mind is what the brain does."
认知学家,心理学家,以及神经学家,总结道,"心理是大脑活动的产物"
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The mind reflects the workings of the brain just like computation reflects the working of a computer.
心理反映了大脑的活动,就像运算结果反映了计算机的运行一样
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It's kind of gruesome but we know there are some things you don't need your brain for.
听上去有些可怕,但却使我们知道了,有些活动是无需大脑参与的
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You may choose to embrace dualism, reject the idea that the brain is responsible for mental life, and reject the promise of a scientific psychology.
你也可以选择身心二元论,拒绝承认大脑引起心理活动,看低科学心理学的前景
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We will be able to actually measure the activity of the human brain.
将来，我们还能够测量人类大脑的活动。
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And we think the brain activation, we can use that to predict financial choice, but beyond that, we can actually use it in some symptom profiles in mental disorders.
我们认为，我们可以通过大脑活动，来预测金融决策，但不仅如此，我们还可以用它来监测精神疾病的病情。
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the difference between seeing words, hearing words, reading words and generating words can correspond to different aspects of what part of your brain is active.
看到词句,听到词句,阅读词句,创造词句,这些不同的活动,会激活你不同的大脑区域
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Typically, these are recent imaging methods like CAT scan and PET scan and fMRI which, as I said before, show parts of your brain at work.
通常是应用现代的成像技术来进行研究,比如电脑断层扫描,正电子发射断层扫描技术,以及功能性核磁共振成像,正如我之前所说,这些技术可以让你看到大脑的活动区域
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And this is no surprise if what we are is the workings of our physical brains, but it is extremely difficult to explain if one is a dualist.
如果我们的本质就是生理大脑的活动,那这也就没什么可惊奇的,但对于二元论者来说,解释这些却是非常困难的
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Now, all of these parts of the brains are essential and many of them are implicated in interesting psychological processes but where the action is is the cortex.
所有的这些脑组织都是必不可少的,它们中的许多都会参与到心理活动之中,但其实真正的反应则发生在大脑皮层
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Now, so what you have is- the scientific consensus is that all of mental life including consciousness and emotions and choice and morality are the products of brain activities.
现在你们知道了,现有的科学共识是,所有的心理活动,包括意识,情绪,选择,道德,都是大脑活动的产物
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And the activation in another area of the brain, the interna insula that would help us to put the oppisite choice of the bond running away from risk.
而大脑中另一区域的活动，即岛叶内部活动，可以帮助我们作出相反决策,即选择“债券“来远离风险。
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Now today I'm gonna focus on is what is happening in the center's posterior in your brain, and can it help us to predict what you're about to choose.
今天我的重点,是大脑中央后回中的活动，及其能否帮助我们对受试者的选择作出预测。
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there is strong evidence that the brain is involved in mental life.
大量有力证据证明,大脑参与了人类的心理活动
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When we look at their brain and the same task, we are getting the same behavior that making the same amount of money, we see very little activation in this area.
在进行行为和奖励相同的试验时，我们观察到，他们的大脑在这一区域里很少出现活动。
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As we will learn throughout the course, by far the vast majority of what our brains do, the vast majority of what our minds do, is unconscious and we're unaware of it.
正如我们将会在这门课中了解到的，尤其是绝大多数的大脑活动，绝大多数的心理活动，其实都是无意识的，是无法察觉到的。
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But what about schizophrenics?
但精神分裂症患者的大脑活动是什么样的？
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And you can see this expanding rings of activity of stimulating, Cause a pattern of activities that move forward from the back of the brain to the front of the brain, in a very regular pattern which we call a visual field map.
眼睛在前面，指向这个红点，大家看到，刺激活动不断扩大的环路,引起一个活动的模式，从大脑的后不向前部移动，这一模式十分规律，我们可以称其为视觉分布图。
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To some extent, if we put you in an fMRI scanner and observed what you're doing in real time, by looking at the activity patterns in your brain we can tell whether you are thinking about music or thinking about sex.
某种程度来讲,如果我们对你进行,功能性核磁共振成像扫描,观察你的实时活动,通过观察你的大脑活动模式,我们可以看出你是想到了音乐,还是想到了性
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Studies using imaging techniques like CAT scans, PET, and fMRI, illustrate that different parts of the brain are active during different parts of mental life.
应用电脑断层扫描,正电子发射断层扫描,以及功能性核磁共振成像,等成像技术的研究,表明不同的心理活动,会导致不同大脑区域的激活
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Well, some things that your brain does involve very low-level internal structures.
大脑所参与的部分活动,用到了相当低层的内部结构
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Now, there's some things you don't actually need your brain to do.
事实上,有些活动并不需要大脑的参与
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Well, the answer is it inhibits the inhibitory parts of your brain.
答案就是,酒精抑制了在你大脑中,起抑制作用的脑组织的活动
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and what we saw, just to cut to the data, is that when people anticipated making money we saw increased activation and the region not far from the region that Olds and Milner stimulated in 1954.
而我们所见的则转换成了数据，当人们预期会赚钱时,我们看见大脑活动的增加,而这块活动增加的区域,和奥兹和米尔纳在1954年试验时的大脑区域相隔不远。
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Now, So, you have these maps in your head but the thing to realize is— And these maps are part of your cortex, but the things to realize is that's an important part of what goes on in your brain but less than one quarter of the cortex contains these maps or projection areas.
你的脑袋里存在着这些定位图,但你们会发现,这些定位图是你大脑皮层的一部分,但你们会发现,这是在你的大脑活动中,起到重要作用的一部分大脑皮层,不过只有不到四分之一的大脑皮层,存在这些定位图或是投射区
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