Not only are we taking away an electron here, but we're also going to decrease shielding, so the electrons that are already in there are going to feel a higher z effective and will be pulling and the atom will be getting smaller.

这不只是因为我们拿走了一个电子，还因为我们这样做会减小屏蔽效应，这样留下的电子,将会感受到更大的有效核电量,也就会感受到更强的吸引力，使得原子变得更小。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If z is greater than 1, then the real gas means that the atoms and molecules in the real gas are repelling each other and wants to have a bigger volume.

如果Z大于,说明实际气体的分子间斥力较强,体积比理想气体要大,我们可以查表找到。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Let's say we start from some V1 and p1 here, so high pressure, small volume and we end up with a high volume low pressure, under constant temperature condition.

例如我们要从压强比较高，体积比较小V1，p1出发,到达低压强，大体积的末态，过程中温度不变。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选