It leads to expression of new genes, production of new proteins, and a change in a behavior of the cell.

这导致新基因表达,新蛋白合成,细胞行为发生改变

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So you made somehow an anti-sense polynucleotide to the insulin gene or some fraction of the insulin gene.

这样你就合成了,胰岛素基因的反义多聚核苷酸链,或者说胰岛素基因的片段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Gene expression, for us, will mean the same thing as production of a particular protein.

对我们来说,基因表达就等于合成特定的蛋白质

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Say we've got a human gene that we want to make and let's say it's the human gene for insulin that we want to produce now.

假设我们想合成出一个人类的基因,假设现在我们想合成的,是人类的胰岛素基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They do that because they can control the expression of genes.

它们能正确地合成蛋白,是因为它们可以调控基因的表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

To make insulin, for example, your cells of your pancreas have to be transcribing that gene, it has to be processed, has to be translated into the protein insulin.

举例来说,如果要合成胰岛素,你的胰腺细胞必须先转录那一段基因,然后进行加工,继而翻译成为胰岛素蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When a gene gets expressed, that means its protein is produced.

一段基因得到表达,就意味着合成它所编码的蛋白

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So it lets you do a profile of not just the genes that you possess, for example, but what genes are actually being used to make proteins in the cells that surround the fluid where this was collected.

他不仅能让研究者了解,人带有哪些基因,还能知道,在收集到的体液细胞的样本中,哪些基因是合成蛋白质的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Taking foreign genes, genes that aren't naturally expressed or might not even exist inside a cell and putting them there and putting them there in a way where they work, and by work meaning the gene gets expressed or translated into a protein.

将异源基因,即那些在细胞中原本不表达或者,根本不存在的基因转入细胞并让它们工作,工作就是指让基因持续表达并合成蛋白质

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选