It's a biological system that you've engineered from taking cells from one organism and cloning them and developing a whole other organism.

所谓生物系统的工程化,就是从一种生物体内中取出细胞并克隆,将它们培养成为另一个有机整体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Generally, there are a couple of elements that one might set down as in a Petri dish, and wait to see if some chemical reaction might take place, but not at all sure of what it might be.

一般来说，都有几个元素,作者会把它们像放入培养基中一样培养,等待某种化学反应的产生，但对可能的结果却一无所知。

普林斯顿公开课 - 人性课程节选

If you take cells from my skin and disperse them and we'll talk about ways to do that next time, and you try to maintain them in a beaker.

如果从我的皮肤上取出些细胞,并消化它们,具体做法下节课讲,并把它们培养在烧杯里

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

if you do that under the situation where you've put your plasmid into these micro-organisms then you're going to have little colonies that grow many copies of the bacterial cells.

如果你在质粒已经进入了微生物,的情况下培养它们,你就会得到许多小菌落,里面长有很多增殖出来的细菌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That would be a very straightforward functional way to do it, but you could imagine that that's very labor intensive because you've got to separate each individual cell, and you've got to nurture it and then keep track and study what it becomes.

这是一种非常直截了当的有效方法,但你能想象这得耗费海量的人力,因为你得分离每一个细胞,并进行培养,然后还得追踪和研究它们的变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's a lot of the literature of stem cells that you'll read about, taking a particular source of stem cell and nurturing it in such a way that it gains potentials that it didn't have necessarily when it was in the body, or exploiting those potentials that it wouldn't necessarily express.

现在你可以找到很多,有关干细胞的文献中讲到,提取一种特定来源的干细胞,通过特定的培养方法之后,它们会获得在体内不能获得的潜能,或者开拓一些在体内不能得到表达的潜能

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选