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Total quantity being produced is less than would be produced under perfect competition, but more than would be produced under monopoly.
此情况下的总产出,比完全竞争情况下的要少,但比垄断情况下的要大
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This answer that says I just undercut Pepsi, that's true provided that Pepsi hasn't gone above the monopoly price.
比百事定价低点的答案,只有在百事没有高于,垄断价格时才是正确的
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It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.
作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。
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If the land isn't taken up by large oligarchies life slaveholding class--then the small guy has a chance.
如果土地没有被大的垄断方占有,奴隶阶级,弱小的一方就仍会有希望
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Peter the Great had a monopoly on dice, because people gambled a lot.
彼得大帝曾经垄断了骰子的销售,因为人们很喜欢赌博
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They were the judicial authority basing that on their claim to divine descent on their, certainly, noble descent, and on the fact that the nobility had a monopoly of knowledge about what the traditions of the community are.
他们能成为司法机关,是基于他们所谓的神圣血统,当然,就是贵族血统,同时也基于贵族对于知识的垄断,对所谓传统的解释权的垄断
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So Firm 1 would be producing half its monopoly quantity and Firm 2 would be producing half its monopoly quantity.
即公司1生产垄断产量一半的商品,公司2也生产垄断产量一半的商品
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Now, in practice, this is not the only problem facing two firms who are trying to produce the monopoly output.
实际上 这并非两个想维持垄断产量的,企业需要面对的唯一问题
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So this will be the monopoly quantity for Firm 2 and this is the competitive quantity of Firm 1.
这里表示公司2的垄断产出,这里是公司1的完全竞争产出
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So I claim that this total quantity being produced is less than the competitive quantity, but more in total than the monopoly quantity.
我说吧,这种情况下的总产出,比完全竞争产量要少,但比垄断产量要大
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To become the biggest publishing monolith in the world, it takes maybe a hundred years, so his father in Australia started buying up newspapers.
要成为出版业内最大的垄断商,也许要花一百年,他的父亲在澳大利亚,就开始收购各类报纸
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So we have the monopoly quantity here, and we have the competitive here, and in between what does this best response curve look like?
这样我们就算出了垄断产出,还有完全竞争产出,二者之间的图线是什么样的呢
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However, then I'll have the whole market, it's as if I'm a monopolist but suddenly I'm pricing above the monopoly price, that can't be right.
但是,占有整个市场,相当于我是个垄断企业,但是我的价格却高于垄断价格,那是不正确的
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So from the point of view of the producers, this Cournot Equilibrium is worse than monopoly, but better than perfect competition.
从生产者的角度来看,古诺均衡劣于垄断,优于完全竞争
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So it's going to be pretty difficult for us to sustain this joint monopoly output, this collusive agreement.
因此说想要通过私下协议来,维持垄断产量,是非常困难的
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It did not have a government monopoly on note issue but over the time it became the prime issuer of U.K. notes.
在纸币发行上，它并没有政府垄断者的角色,但是随着时间的流逝,它成为了英国纸币的主要发行者。
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In practice, when firms try and have these agreements, which are not contracts, to try and produce joint monopoly output, what else goes wrong?
现实中,公司想要达成这样的协议,而非合同,想要维持垄断产量,还会遇到什么问题呢
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They would be lower than the monopoly prices, but higher than the perfect competitive prices.
它们比垄断下的价格低,但比完全竞争下的价格高
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But we'd like a model that yields an outcome that looks-- that when you only have two firms looks somewhere between monopoly and perfect competition.
但我们想要一个模型能带来这样的结果,即,当只有两家公司时,一个介乎于垄断和完全竞争之间的情形
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He's a monopoly; so she's a monopolist, so we know how to figure out monopoly quantities from what we did in 115 or equivalent courses.
她会形成垄断,我们都知道如何计算垄断产出,在115或者类似课程中都学过的
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I'm sorry, half the monopoly quantity and that would produce this much each.
我说错了,是垄断产量的一半,这样双方都按照这样的协议生产
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If you have imperfect competition, it's somewhere between perfect competition and no competition.
如果你们想得到不完全竞争的局面,它就在完全竞争和垄断之间
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So Patrick's response in Pepsi is to overproduce relative to the monopoly quantity, actually overproduce even relative to the Cournot quantity and produce all the way out here.
百事可乐公司面对垄断产量,采取的举措是增加产量,实际上增加产量就会导致,产量逐渐接近古诺产量
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So here my best response is to price at the monopoly price.
所以这里我的最佳对策是定价在垄断价格
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Consequently, prices are going to go the other way and consequently prices are going to be highest under monopoly, lowest on the competition, and somewhere in between in this Cournot situation.
相应的,价格则呈相反趋势,垄断情况下的价格最高,完全竞争情况下的价格最低,古诺均衡时价格处于两者之间
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How does this quantity compare and how do therefore the prices compare, and how do profits compare with monopoly prices on the one hand, and competitive prices on the other?
第一,该产量下的价格,产出,和垄断价格,产出相比有何不同,和完全竞争价格又有什么不同呢
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He sells the monopoly on salt.
他还垄断了盐的销售
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This is the best response of Player 1 to the best response of Player 2, to the best response of Player 1 to Player 2 producing half monopoly output and there are lots of brackets here.
它表示参与人1对于参与人2的最佳对策,是参与人2生产垄断产量一半的情况下的,这里有一大堆的括号
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So what is this? This is Player 2's best response, so Player 1's best response to Player 2 producing half monopoly output.
这是什么,这是参与人2的最佳对策,即参与人1对于2半垄断产量的最佳对策
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So Coca-Cola and Poland Spring could just agree to produce half the quantity of water each.
假如可口可乐和波兰泉达成默契了,同意各产垄断产量的一半
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