Total quantity being produced is less than would be produced under perfect competition, but more than would be produced under monopoly.

此情况下的总产出,比完全竞争情况下的要少,但比垄断情况下的要大

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This answer that says I just undercut Pepsi, that's true provided that Pepsi hasn't gone above the monopoly price.

比百事定价低点的答案,只有在百事没有高于,垄断价格时才是正确的

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It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.

作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。

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If the land isn't taken up by large oligarchies life slaveholding class--then the small guy has a chance.

如果土地没有被大的垄断方占有,奴隶阶级,弱小的一方就仍会有希望

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Peter the Great had a monopoly on dice, because people gambled a lot.

彼得大帝曾经垄断了骰子的销售,因为人们很喜欢赌博

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So Firm 1 would be producing half its monopoly quantity and Firm 2 would be producing half its monopoly quantity.

即公司1生产垄断产量一半的商品,公司2也生产垄断产量一半的商品

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So from the point of view of the producers, this Cournot Equilibrium is worse than monopoly, but better than perfect competition.

从生产者的角度来看,古诺均衡劣于垄断,优于完全竞争

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So this will be the monopoly quantity for Firm 2 and this is the competitive quantity of Firm 1.

这里表示公司2的垄断产出,这里是公司1的完全竞争产出

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You also saw firms that were monopolists and monopolists don't have any competitors to worry about, so that's not a particularly strategic situation.

又比如说垄断企业,垄断企业没有竞争对手,所以这也不是策略形势

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To become the biggest publishing monolith in the world, it takes maybe a hundred years, so his father in Australia started buying up newspapers.

要成为出版业内最大的垄断商,也许要花一百年,他的父亲在澳大利亚,就开始收购各类报纸

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So the amount of output produced by the industry was somewhere between the case that would be under monopoly and under perfect competition.

亦即是行业产量,在某种程度上是介于,在垄断和完全竞争两种情况之间

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So I claim that this total quantity being produced is less than the competitive quantity, but more in total than the monopoly quantity.

我说吧,这种情况下的总产出,比完全竞争产量要少,但比垄断产量要大

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But you could also just split the monopoly quantity, for example, half half at this point here.

但也可以把垄断产量分开呀,比如一家生产一半

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For example, if Firm 2 shut down and Firm 1 produced its monopoly profits, that is, a monopoly quantity, that would maximize firm profits.

比如公司2停产而公司1生产垄断产量,垄断产量会使行业利润最大化

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So we have the monopoly quantity here, and we have the competitive here, and in between what does this best response curve look like?

这样我们就算出了垄断产出,还有完全竞争产出,二者之间的图线是什么样的呢

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However, then I'll have the whole market, it's as if I'm a monopolist but suddenly I'm pricing above the monopoly price, that can't be right.

但是,占有整个市场,相当于我是个垄断企业,但是我的价格却高于垄断价格,那是不正确的

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And from the point of view of the rest of us, the consumers, this Cournot quantity is worse than perfect competition but better than monopoly.

而从消费者的角度来看,古诺均衡劣于完全竞争,但优于垄断情况

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I never want to price above the monopoly price, because I know the monopoly price, when I'm the monopolist, is the most profit I could ever make.

我绝不想高于垄断价格,因为我知道,当我作为垄断企业时,垄断价格能为我带来最大利润

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Now, in practice, this is not the only problem facing two firms who are trying to produce the monopoly output.

实际上 这并非两个想维持垄断产量的,企业需要面对的唯一问题

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Conversely, if Firm 1 shut down and Firm 2 produced its monopoly quantity that would maximize industry profits.

反之公司1停产而公司2生产垄断产量,这样也能最大化行业利润

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So it's going to be pretty difficult for us to sustain this joint monopoly output, this collusive agreement.

因此说想要通过私下协议来,维持垄断产量,是非常困难的

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So clearly, if we produce the monopoly quantity, by definition, the monopoly quantity maximizes total industry profits.

显然,根据定义,垄断产量使行业总利润达到最大化

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In practice, when firms try and have these agreements, which are not contracts, to try and produce joint monopoly output, what else goes wrong?

现实中,公司想要达成这样的协议,而非合同,想要维持垄断产量,还会遇到什么问题呢

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It did not have a government monopoly on note issue but over the time it became the prime issuer of U.K. notes.

在纸币发行上，它并没有政府垄断者的角色,但是随着时间的流逝,它成为了英国纸币的主要发行者。

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If he's gone above the monopoly price we need to be a little bit more careful.

如果它高于垄断价格了,我们需要小心点

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He's a monopoly; so she's a monopolist, so we know how to figure out monopoly quantities from what we did in 115 or equivalent courses.

她会形成垄断,我们都知道如何计算垄断产出,在115或者类似课程中都学过的

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Here, Firm 1 produced nothing and Firm 2 produced a monopoly quantity; and here Firm 2 produced nothing and Firm 1 produced a monopoly quantity.

在这点是公司1停产公司2垄断,而在这点是公司2停产公司1垄断

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But we'd like a model that yields an outcome that looks-- that when you only have two firms looks somewhere between monopoly and perfect competition.

但我们想要一个模型能带来这样的结果,即,当只有两家公司时,一个介乎于垄断和完全竞争之间的情形

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They would be lower than the monopoly prices, but higher than the perfect competitive prices.

它们比垄断下的价格低,但比完全竞争下的价格高

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Do you want to tell me what the... where's the monopoly quantity on this picture?

你来说一下,图中哪一点表示垄断产量呢

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