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Unlike many poleis,Athens had been successful in gaining control of the whole region which it dominated,the region of Attica.
和其他城邦不同,雅典成功地控制了整个区域,整个阿提卡地区都在雅典的控制之下
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The Republic belongs to that period of Plato's work after his return to Athens, after the execution of Socrates.
理想国》即是柏拉图,在返回雅典后的作品之一，也就是在苏格拉底被处决之后。
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The Athenians gave him a public funeral on the spot where he fell and paid him the highest honors.
雅典人在他的战死之地举行了国民葬礼,并给了他至高无上的荣誉
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But with the revolution of democracy in Athens, which also spread then to other Greek cities, partly because Athens did what George Bush tried to do in Iraq, they tried to force democracy on other Greek cities around the Eastern Mediterranean also.
但随着雅典民主革命的进行，这场革命随后传到了其他希腊城市，原因之一，类似小布什在伊拉克的计划，雅典企图把民主制度,推行到地中海东部的其他希腊城市。
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He used to stand in the city square in Athens, and talk with his fellow citizens, but he didn't chat idly with them, and he liked especially talking to young people.
他曾经站在雅典市的广场，和他的市民们说话，但是他并没有散漫的和他们说话，他尤其喜欢和年轻人说话。
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The dialogue ends, of course, with the death scene-- Socrates has been condemned to death by the Athenians, and it ends with his drinking the hemlock, not distressed but rather sort of joyful.
对话在死亡场景中结束,此时苏格拉底已经被雅典人宣判死刑,对话在他喝毒药的时候结束,他并不哀伤,反而有点快乐
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So he went and looked around Athens where he lived; he looked around the all of Greece; he looked around the Greek Empire; he looked beyond the Greek Empire, looking for his ideal woman-- a woman whom he could marry.
他在雅典城里寻找;,找遍整个希腊;,找遍整个希腊帝国;,去希腊帝国以外寻找，寻找他理想中的女人-,一个能和他结婚的女人。
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Now, the Greeks were very much concerned individuals and this is especially true of the democrats in Athens.
虽然希腊人很关注个人,这在雅典的民主人士中非常明显
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The Persians broke through the middle but just before that, the Athenian wings crushed the Persian wings and set them running for their ships.
波斯军差点就从中路突破了,但就在千钧一发之际,雅典军的两翼击溃了波斯军的两翼,波斯人逃向自己的船只
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It is only speculation, but it seems to make sense and we know we don't hear of such troubles within Athens and Thebes, and Sparta.
这只是猜测,但却有理可言,我们在雅典,底比斯和斯巴达,都没有看到这些状况
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This seems to suggest that referring back to the Apology, that it is not Socrates, but the Athenians who innovate, who create and introduce new deities.
这似乎在暗示,参照回《苏格拉底自辩篇》,并非苏格拉底，而是雅典人在造神,并迎神。
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The Apology takes place in the Court of Athens, the most public of settings, while the Crito occurs within the darkness and confinement of a prison cell.
苏格拉底自辩篇》发生在雅典的法庭，最公开的场合；,而《克里托篇》则是在,阴暗幽禁的监狱牢房之中。
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We, who live in a very different kind of world from that of, you know, fourth-century Athens, ? what can we learn from the example of Socrates?
我们活在非常不同的世界,显著不同于四世纪的雅典，我们能从苏格拉底的例子上学到什么？
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Well, if you look at the catalog of ships in Homer's Iliad, the island of Salamis had its ships lined up next to the island of Athens. Ballgame.
如果你看荷马伊利亚特的《船舶名录》这一卷,萨拉弥斯人把自己的船排列在了,雅典人的船旁边,就那么简单
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In a battle between the Athenians and their neighbors near Eleusis he came to the assistance of his countrymen, routed the foe and died upon the field most gallantly.
在一场雅典人和其邻居,埃莱夫西斯的战争中,特勒斯在同胞的援助下击败了敌人,最后英勇地战死疆场
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South of the Aeolian section of that was the region of Asia Minor inhabited chiefly by Ionians, the people on the mainland who are the main Ionians are the Athenians.
位于小亚细亚地区的伊奥利亚南部,主要居住爱奥尼亚人,而在内陆居住的爱奥尼亚人,主要都是雅典人
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Upon his return, he established this school at Athens he called the Academy, "Academy" for the training of philosophers, statesmen, and legislators.
在归来之后,他在雅典建立了他的学院，称为,用以训练哲学家，政治家及立法委员。
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Within his own lifetime, Aristotle would see Athens, Sparta, and the other great cities of Greece swallowed up by the great Macedonian Empire to the north.
在他有生之年，亚里士多德看到雅典，斯巴达，和其它重要的希腊城市,被北方的,马其顿帝国并吞。
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One nice way to think about it--here Athens is helpful.
一种佐证是...在这里雅典这个例子很有用
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In Athens, in classical times it was 20.
在雅典,史料记载的年龄是20岁
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There is a wonderful archaeological discovery of a boundary stone near Athens on which it is written on one side, this is Athens, it is not Megara.
在雅典城附近,考古人员令人惊奇地发现了界碑,界碑的一面刻着,"这里是雅典,不是麦加拉"
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No, they grow up like the Athenian does, right smack in the middle of a plain, which is a good place for farming, with a great high acropolis available.
它们和雅典的扩展方式类似,在一个平原的中心扎根,因为那里适合农业生产,然后建起一座高大的卫城
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Raise your hand. And the rest of you,when you go-- on the north shore--north slope of the acropolis, beyond the agora, there is the area of Athens known as the Plaka.
去过的请举手,那么剩下的没去过的同学,当你们去雅典的时候,在卫城北部海岸...,在卫城的北坡,集市的后面,有一个地方叫做普拉卡
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Not only does the Apology force Socrates to defend himself before the city of Athens but Socrates puts the city of Athens on trial and makes it defend itself before the high court of philosophy.
苏格拉底自辩篇》不仅迫使苏格拉底,在雅典城前自辩,他也迫使雅典全城受审,而且让它自辩于,哲学的最高法院面前。
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So, anybody by the time history dawns, who lives in the peninsula that is Attica, is Athenian, even if he lives in a village or a good size town sixty miles away; he is still an Athenian.
因此在有文字记载的历史开始出现时,阿提卡半岛的居民就都是雅典人了,哪怕他住在六十英里外的一个小村庄,或者相对较大的城镇中,他仍是雅典人
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And its opposition seems to me to be all together noble for know well men of Athens if I had long ago attempted to be politically active I would long ago have perished and I would benefited neither you nor myself. Now do not be vexed with me when I speak the truth.
而这样的违背在我看起来很高尚,因为可以彻底了解雅典人,如果很早之前,就试图活跃于政治的话,我早就没命了,也就无法造福你们或我自己,不要因为我说出真相而恼火。
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Except for two expeditions to Sicily, where he went at the request of Dionysius to help try to establish a philosophical kingship in Syracuse, he remained in Athens teaching and writing.
除了两度前往西西里岛，因应迪欧尼修斯之邀,前去协助建立,位于，Syracuse，的哲学王权，他一直待在雅典教书，写作。
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