They usually talk about it as the "lost decade," where Japanese banks were not liquidated but they were not really in business.

他们在谈论它的时候称之为“垮掉的十年“,在这十年里，日本银行并没有破产,但是他们也没有真正在做生意。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

That's a very dispersed system but it still works because member banks keep deposits at the Federal Reserve Banks and they're required to keep these deposits.

这是一个非常分散的系统,但是它还是能起到很好的作用因为会员银行,在联邦储备银行里付保证金,并且它们被要求付这些保证金。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The banker knows everybody in the community and when you're playing golf with the banker, it may go beyond just collecting information; the banker might have positive suggestions.

银行家认识圈里的所有人,当你在和他一起打高尔夫的时候,不仅仅能获取资讯,还可能会从银行家那获得建设性的建议

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So the Bank of England effectively enforced that the banks in England kept adequate reserves and they would see some of these reserves in the deposits at the Bank of England.

所以，英格兰银行有效率地强制执行了,这种制度-英国的银行保有足够的准备金,并且他们将在向英格兰银行付的保证金里,看到准备金其中的一部分。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

I wanted to mention in this context, because I'm emphasizing how banks help solve the adverse selection and moral hazard problem -I wanted to mention briefly here also the rating agencies, which fulfill some of these functions.

我早就想在这段内容里讲讲这事了,因为我一直强调,银行是如何帮助解决逆向选择,以及道德风险问题的...,我还一直想在这里简要的提下,本应履行这些职能的那些信用评级机构

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Your banker understands that your business can't pay the money back and that the bank has a reputation in the community of helping business people, so they won't ask for the money even though it's a short-term loan that they made to you.

他会理解,你的公司可能无法还钱,在业界里银行向来,有帮助企业家的美名,所以他们不会要求你还钱,即使他们借给你的是短期贷款

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选