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Now "The Theory of the Formal Method," Eikhenbaum's essay that you've read for today, was written in 1927.
这篇，形式语言学理论“,是艾肯鲍姆，在1927年写的。
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Some linguists would interview --Linguists would interview adults in these communities and say, "Why don't you speak to your babies?"
语言学家们会访问,住在这些社会中的成人,然后问道,"你为什么不和你的宝宝说话"
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De Man goes on to say very challengingly:] What we call ideology is precisely the confusion of linguistic with natural reality, of reference with phenomenalism.
德曼继续挑战性地说道],我们所说的思想意识就是指语言学上的困惑,在自然现实意义上的，以及关于现象论的参考上的困惑。
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In fact, linguists often argue about this subject, and it's a complicated one.
实际上，语言学家经常在这个问题上有争议，这是很复杂的一个东西。
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So although the New Critics were fed up with philological criticism, I don't mean to be condescending toward it or to suggest that it didn't play a crucially important role in the evolution of literary studies.
所以，虽然新批判主义,对语言学批判主义不满，但是并不是要否认语言学批判主义,在文学研究发展过程中,起到的重要作用。
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Just imagine a philologist being confronted with the idea that the meaning of words at a certain historical moment isn't the only thing that matters in understanding the meaning of a poem.
想象一下，一个语言学家看到一个理论指出,一个字在特定历史阶段的语义,不是影响诗歌意思理解的,唯一因素。
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And most linguists would argue "Yes," that languages are highly constrained in how they do things.
大多数语言学家们都会回答"是的",语言在很大程度上依赖于语法规则的使用
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But in the meantime it's probably on this occasion, once we accept them both as having come under the influence of the same form of linguistic thinking, to say a little bit about the similarities and differences that exist between Derrida and de Man.
但同时在这种场合下可能，一旦我们接受这俩概念，在受到同样的语言学思想的影响后,我们就能看到一些,德里达和德曼之间存在的相同点和不同点。
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If you want to know which part of your brain is responsible for language, you could put somebody into a scanner and have them exposed to language or do a linguistic task or talk or something and then see what parts of their brain are active.
如果你想知道大脑的哪个区域,负责语言功能,你可以对被试进行扫描,让他们暴露在语言环境中,或是进行语言学任务,或者聊天,然后观察他们的哪些脑区处于活跃状态
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