-
So maybe they were just shoved there by people fleeing the Roman conquest in 70 .So that's up for grabs.
不过或许这些经卷是在公元70年罗马征战期间,人们在逃亡途中摆在那卖的。
-
So the Romans were only concerned about religions when it looked like those religions were going to cause political problems.
所以罗马人只有在宗教会引起政治问题时,才会插手干涉。
-
That caused a rebellion and they overthrew the kings, and thereafter, the word king was a dirty word in Roman history.
该事件引发了叛乱,叛军推翻了国王,从此之后,"国王"这个词在罗马历史上成了一个脏字
-
With the demise of Rome, in the early Christian centuries, these philosophical academies, these philosophical schools, were absorbed into the medieval monasteries.
随着罗马帝国的灭亡，在基督世纪的初期，这些哲思学院，这些哲思学校，被中古世纪的修道院吸收。
-
Another famous story: In 1770, he goes in to Rome, into the Sistine Chapel.
另一件世人皆知的事,在1770年,他去了罗马,来到西斯廷教堂
-
Now his work created a sensation. It undermined of course traditional claims about the authorship of God and the work of Moses. It's still disputed by conservative groups and Roman Catholic authorities, although Roman Catholic scholars certainly teach it and adopt it.
他的作品引起了轰动，当然，它削弱了传统的关于,摩西是”上帝“这个称呼和《律法》的作者的主张,尽管天主教学者也会接受并传授他的作品，但它仍然在保守派和罗马天主教当局中备受争议。
-
This will change in Rome, because in Rome women were citizens also, although that didn't mean they were equal to men.
这点到了罗马时期发生了改变，因为在罗马女子也是公民了，虽然她们地位无法等同于男子。
-
Because whenever we say,"Asia Minor," we're talking about that section around the Mediterranean that now is called Turkey. But it was called Asia Minor, generally,in the Roman Imperial Period.
因为当我们说到“小亚细亚“,指的便是地中海附近,现在那里叫土耳其，但在罗马帝国时代，它通常被称为小亚细亚。
-
Well,at the time of the Reformation, Roman Catholics had not only the 27 books of the New Testament canon that we now have,and they had what Protestants came to accept as the Old Testament.
在宗教改革时期，罗马天主教不仅接受,新约里的27本书,他们还接受新教徒的旧约。
-
Pax Romana This led to what we famously call the Pax Romana, "the Roman Peace," because you had the end of long, hundreds of years of civil wars and other wars, at least within Rome itself.
这导致了著名的，即“罗马和平“，因为长达几百年的，内战及大小战争终于结束了，至少在罗马本土结束了。
-
In fact, we have some claim, and a Roman writer later on, that there was a treaty back in the eighth century B.C.
实际上,之后一个罗马作家,写到过一些声明,公元前八世纪在埃维厄岛几个城邦之间
-
This, in turn, spawned other philosophical schools throughout the Greek world and later, the Roman world.
这后来启发了其它哲思学院,在希腊世界的广泛设立,随后并传入罗马人的世界。
-
You can see Greek and Roman temples there to prove it.
你能在那看到希腊和罗马的神庙证明那段历史
-
There were always battles and wars going on, on the boundaries, the frontiers of the Roman Empire, but within the center of the empire there was an amazing period of peace.
战争永远都在进行，在边界，罗马帝国边境，但在帝国中心却是一派和平盛世。
-
Or sometimes the Romans liked to take a big theater and fill the central part of the theater, the cavea, with water and then stage naval battles and that kind of thing.
有时候罗马人也喜欢利用大剧院,在大剧院的中心和兽笼，注满水，上演大海战之类的。
-
So Roman slavery and the freedom of that was actually one way that a few people in the Ancient World recognized some kind of social mobility, which was very rare in the Roman Empire.
所以罗马奴隶制以及奴隶释放制,被古代部分人认为是,某种社会阶级流动，在罗马帝国很少见。
-
Only in the Roman Empire could slavery actually start being a way that you can move up in society, because you could-- if you were a talented slave, your owner might free you, probably would free you.
只有在罗马帝国，奴隶制可以成为,提高社会地位的手段，因为。。。,如果是一个能干的奴隶，主人可能会释放他，很有可能。
-
So Julius Caesar--if you were really going to be important in Rome, you had to serve as a general at some point.
所以恺撒。。。如果你要在罗马出人头地，就得参军成为将领。
-
Actually he gained power in Rome mainly by military might, by kind of making the Senate nervous and winning a few battles, and that was against the law.
事实上他在罗马提升势力，是由于强大军事实力，而且赢了几场硬仗战争，让元老院感到不安，这是违反法律的。
-
And this is very important, because the Romans, as their power grew in the East, they simply moved increasingly into the eastern Mediterranean and they adopted the whole Greek system, the Greek world, and they didn't even try to make it non-Greek.
这点非常重要，因为随着罗马人的势力在东方日渐壮大，他们不断朝地中海东部推进,并采取了全套希腊系统，希腊世界，甚至没有作出任何非希腊式的改变。
-
But if you need a slave representing your business, and you live in Rome and you need somebody in Ostia, the port city of Rome, to be able to be there and watch your imports and your exports of your business, you need someone who can sign contracts, who can lend money, who can borrow money, who can do things like that.
如果你需要一名奴隶代理你的生意，如果你住在罗马，需要有人，在罗马奥斯蒂亚港口,照看你的进出口生意，就得要能签合同，可以放债贷款，及其他类似事务的人。
-
Consider the following passage that he writes: "As to rebellion against monarchy, one of the most frequent causes is the reading of the books of policy and history of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
他曾写道：,反抗君主统治的叛乱，最主要的原因是,古希腊，罗马关于政治和历史的书籍,在民间的传播。
-
They wanted there to be some kind of balance of power among the several major households of Rome, the families of Rome.
要在几个重要的罗马家户间,罗马家庭间，保持权利的平衡。
-
The Romans, when they came on the scene, in the East, and they gradually became more and more powerful, they destroyed Corinth in a big battle in 144 BCE.
罗马人在东方登场时，变得愈来愈强大，公元前144年他们在一场大战中摧毁了科林斯。
-
Julius also, then, set himself up in the city, when he started gaining more power in Rome.
恺撒在罗马势力日渐壮大后，成为了独裁官。
-
But these were not problems brought on by the Romans, these were local problems, and part of it was precisely because the Jews had been recognized by the Romans as having a special status in some places, and this caused some kind of local resentment.
但这些问题都不是罗马人引起的，都是当地问题，部分原因是犹太人被罗马人认可,在某些地方拥有特殊地位，引起了当地人的仇视。
-
That is, more or less, what did happen in the Roman world and I don't see anything that's suggested it couldn't happen in the Greek world at the time we're talking about.
那就是,或多或少的,我看不到任何事物可以表明,在罗马社会发生的事情不会,在我们所讨论的这个时期的希腊发生
应用推荐