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And the problem is the same sort of dynamic plays itself out even in the scientific debate back and forth.
问题是，心理动力在科学辩论中,也是以相同的方式在进行循环辩证。
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because of the use of animals in scientific experimentation.
原因就是我们在科学实验中运用了动物。
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Well, the infinity mechanism, and many of you will be familiar with this from mathematics or computer science, is recursion.
这种无限机制是递归的,你们许多人会在数学与计算机科学中,熟悉这个词
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I think it was in French, so it wasn't really hitting all the scientific community of the time in any major way.
我印象中是发表在一个法语杂质上，所以它并没有在当时的科学界的,主流领域中取得反响。
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In fact, the people who have been most important in understanding how the innate immune system works are people here at Yale.
事实上 在研究先天免疫系统,反应机理中,最重要的科学家就在耶鲁
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The meaning of the myth is discoverable only in my science."
神话的意义只有在我的科学中才能发现“
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Okay. I didn't see computer science in his background.
在他的知识背景中并没有计算机科学。
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Rather the great works provide us so to speak with a repository of fundamental or permanent questions that political scientists still continue to rely on in their work.
而不是靠巨著来回答,这么来说吧，大量基本或永恒的问题,同时也是政治科学家,仍持续在其著作中所倚赖的根本。
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And if you ask the TAs in recitation tomorrow, they'll tell you that you see a lot of n log n algorithms in computer science.
如果你明天在复习课上问助教的话，他们会告诉你在计算机科学中,存在着非常多的n，log，n规模的算法。
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I was deciding between political science at the time and computer science because I have always been fascinated by cities and at some point want to maybe potentially go into government I'm still not quite sure if I have more effect there or more effect in programming.
我那时要在政治学和,计算机科学,中做出选择，因为,我一直为城市着迷,我潜意识里有些想去政府工作,我并不确定我以后在,政治上更有成就还是在编程上更有成就。
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Development of an artificial heart, again another example of Biomedical Engineering, is something that people have been trying to accomplish for decades now, and this is the closest that we've come and there are many advantages of this particular artificial heart.
人造心脏技术的发展,是生物医学工程的另一个例子,科学家们,试图在这二十年中去改进它,而这是最接近成功的一个实例,这枚人造心脏有很多优点
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And the engineering part of that is sort of the part that I talked about in one slide, when I talked about how do you convert this scientific advance into something that can be delivered all over the world.
这其中的工程部分就是,我曾经在一个幻灯片中讲过的,在我讲到,如何将先进的科学技术成果转化为,可以在世界范围传播的东西
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It includes authority, in this case the authority of Yale and the authority of science.
包括权威，在这个实验中，耶鲁是权威，科学是权威。
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So the enrollment numbers are in and we thought we would share some statistics, as we like to do in this course; being computer scientists, we tend to gather lots of data.
登记加入我们的人数在这里,并且我们觉得我们能分享一些统计资料，我们在这次课程中也喜欢这么做，作为计算机科学家，我们要收集很多数据。
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Politics political science he tells us in the Ethics again is not a theoretical subject in the matter of physics or metaphysics or mathematics.
政治，政治科学,他在《伦理学》中再次告诉我们的,并非理论性主题,见诸物理学,形上学或数学。
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And in chemistry, just like in any discipline, you have all types of scientists, but also all types of personalities, and unfortunately Pauli had a personality that was known for, first of all, being very arrogant, but also the very unfortunate trait of taking other people's scientific ideas as his own.
在化学里，就像在任何学科中一样，有各种各样的科学家，也就有各种各样的性格，不幸的是，Pauli的性格，是以傲慢闻名，另外一个特点就是喜欢,把别人的观点占为己有。
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But for those of you who decide to go on in computer science realize there is a whole interesting world that uses details like these in the world of networking, in hardware, to actually solve some real world problems.
而对于你们中想要在计算机科学,方面有所发展的人，将会遇到一个非常有趣的领域,在那个世界里，会有许多像网络世界，硬件界,这样或那样的小细节，但又往往是这些小细节才解决了许多真实世界里的问题。
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Now, unlike high school math or in algebra Z where you call things X and Y and Z, in programming, in computer science, you're actually dealing with humans where it's useful to have a variable name that's more descriptive than X and Y and Z.
不像高中数学或者代数中,称为X和Y和，在程序设计和计算机科学里，你实际上是在和人打交道,在这里有个描述性比xyz更强的,变量名称是很重要的。
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