So in the case of boron here, what we're starting with is the ion, and now we're going to pull one more electron out.

那么在硼的情况下，我们应该从这个离子开始，现在我们要再拿走一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

In the case here, tha t I just illustrated with the little cart going down the valley, would be exactly the same with regular energy, the equilibrium state is one of lowest energy, right.

在现在所考虑的情况下,我刚才所描述的小车沿着山谷下行，结论会像能量判据一样，平衡态是能量最低的态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And he actually did this in the late 1800's, back before even all of the elements that we know today were discovered, really only about 60% or so, 70% were discovered then that we now know today.

他最终在十九世纪晚期完成了这一壮举，难能可贵的是,虽然我们现在已经发现了所有的元素，但在当时已知的元素只有我们现在知道,百分之六七十，在这种情况下。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The cart could be a little ways up the hill, and in this case, it's enthalpy, but again, there would be lots of accessible states.

在这种状态下，小车会稍稍向山坡上移动，在现在考虑的情况下，自由焓决定一切，但是同样有很多可能的状态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选