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We could just collect a bunch of data. For a material .What's the volume it occupies at some pressure and temperature?
对一种物质我们可以得到一系列测量数据,在给定的温度和气压下,它的体积是什么？
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So it's not only augmenting materially what you're teaching, but also extends the range of what you can teach in these introductory courses.
所以这不仅仅是物质上的积累,你所教授的东西，更是在延伸,你能讲的内容,在这些入门课程中。
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If you have a large number of atoms in an aggregate, it is going to require that the substance turn solid and condense at room temperature.
如果有很多原子进行聚集，在室温下,会使的物质转变成固体状态。
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We're exposed to things that might cause cancer where weren't exposed to them before and so that might be a reason.
我们暴露于可能致癌的物质中,这些物质在以前是没有的,这可能就是原因之一
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These new thirteenth century settlements, however, are in their material culture, that is to say their pots and their jars and their houses, entirely Canaanite.
然而这是十三世纪的新定居点，这是在他们的物质文化中，也就是说,他们的锅，陶罐和房屋都是迦南式的。
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They only had the occasion in a kind of formless matter upon which they could adopt and impose any form they took.
他们仅有的是,在一种无形物质中的机遇,在其中他们能采纳,并强加任何他们喜欢的形式。
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So up to this point, before it was really established that yes, light is like a particle sometimes, there was this very strong distinction between what is light and what is matter.
所以关于这个观点，在它被真正确立之前，光有时候像粒子，在什么是光和什么是物质之间,有一个非常巨大的区别。
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Spirit is merely a kind of bodily form of energy, and God at the beginning of time infused this energy into the entirety of the material world at the Creation.
灵魂不过是能量的一种物质形式，上帝在时间之始创世纪之际将这能量,注入到了整个物质世界之中。
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Because it was precisely because of this one world, run by the Romans and maintained by the Romans, that allowed the spread of Christianity, to a great extent, both ideologically and thought-wise, as well as simply physically.
因为正是由罗马人统治维持的，这个统一的世界，给予基督教在大范围面积内广为传播的机会，不仅是在意识形态和智慧方面，还有物质条件方面。
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So when I use the word "Soul," I will try to reserve it for the metaphysical view, according to which souls are something immaterial.
所以当我使用"灵魂"这个词时,我将会把它用在形而上学的观点里,这种观点认为,灵魂是非物质的
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Does stuff change phase to go from liquid to solid and so forth, right?
物质是否从液体转变为固体,相变到底在什么位置出现？
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> You can see this frankly in the consumer world.
>坦白说，这种现象在物质世界里处处可见。
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And this is true in all sorts of domains in the social world, in the economic world, in the political world and it's true as well in the physical world.
在社会世界,经济世界,政治世界的所有领域中都是这样的,在物质世界中也同样如此
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This conversion from a mechanical energy into a chemical energy can be nicely visualized when one fills a hair cell with a sensitive die that responds to the calcium ions that influx into the cell.
如果在毛细胞中注入,对钙离子敏感的物质,可以精确地模拟,这一机械能到化学能的转化过程。
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If we defined food differently: that it's something that nurtures the body, something found in nature, something that doesn't harm the environment-- there are a number of criteria one can apply to define a food-- then we might come up with a different definition than this, but this is the way the nutrition field generally looks at it.
如果我们给出不同的定义,滋养身体的物质,在自然界找到的物质,不会威胁到身体的物质,有很多标准可以拿出来定义食物,我们也许可以就此重新进行定义,但这就是营养学看待食物的方式
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Think of anything else with the density goes down when it freezes, and think about where we would be if that wasn't the case.
想想有没有其他的物质,在降温时密度会变大，再想想如果不是这种情况,我们将会怎么样。
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An agonist is a substance that mimics the action of a natural ligand, and I show you a couple of examples of agonists here.
激动剂是能够模拟天然配体分子的物质,在这里我给出了一些激动剂作为例子
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You're moving heat around When you're changing matter through thermodynamics.
当你通过热力学改变物质形态时,你是在,转移热量。
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If the very idea of soul that we're working with here under the dualist picture is the soul as an immaterial substance, it's not made of ordinary atomic matter.
如果关于我们正在讨论的,观点是建立在二元论的基础上,即灵魂是非物质实体,它并非由一般的原子物质组成
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That general class of molecules is called receptors and its shown here just as a block of material living in the cell membrane.
这一类分子叫做受体,在这里看起来就像是,生活在细胞膜内的物质
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Notice in that sentence, he uses those Aristotelian terms, " "form" and "matter" that we spoke about in relation to the Aristotelian regime.
注意看这个句子，他使用那些亚里士多德式的词汇，“形式“和，“物质,那是在谈亚里士多德式政体时所见的词汇。
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As I said, it's a particularly hazardous substance, this is worked with in fume hoods.
就像我说过的，这是特别有害的物质，在通风柜中才能用。
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Justin So Justin said it could be new things that are around and you're exposed to stuff we weren't exposed to before and that's true.
贾斯汀,贾斯汀认为我们周围的环境,出现了很多新物质,并且人们暴露在前所未有的环境中,这是事实
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As carefully as people work with radioactivity here, and using often much, much safer radioactive materials than radium bromide, and using them, and special hoods, and having special procedures, they still do a lot of checking with these Geiger counters to make sure everything's safe.
虽然在这里人们,用放射性物质都非常的小心，而且通常用的材料放射性,都比溴化镭要小得多，并且用的时候,都用特殊的容器,特殊的操作过程,但我们平时仍会用。
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What are we to make of these laws, ? as I've asked before? In one sense, there seems to be a genuine moral content to Hobbes' laws of nature which can : be reduced to a single formula: Seek peace above all other goods.
就像我曾经说过的那样，我们会怎样制定这些法则呢，从某种角度看，在霍布斯的自然法中,似乎有一个真正的道德内涵,可以简化成一个公式：,在一切物质层面之上寻求和平。
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The mind is based in, or just is something nonphysical, something nonmaterial, we can call it a mind we can call it a soul we can call it a psyche we typically try to call it a soul.
心灵建立在...或仅仅是非物理的东西,非物质的某种东西,我们可以把它称作心灵,也可以叫灵魂,还可以说是精神,但我们一般用灵魂来命名它
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Well, it's true that it's not stuck to plastic but it is stuck to other materials The other materials that it's stuck to include other cells that surround it and this complex matrix which surrounds all of the cells in our body called extracellular matrix and I'll get to that in just a few moments.
体内的细胞不会贴在塑料片上,但是它们会和别的材料黏联在一起,这些材料包括,细胞和周围细胞间的黏联,细胞同细胞外基质的黏联,我们身体中包围在细胞周围的物质,称为细胞外基质,后面我会详细讲到
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This might be a polio virus, for example. The example I've given here is a virus that contains DNA as its genetic material.
例如 这个应该是,小儿麻痹症病毒,我曾在这里展示过,一种将DNA作为遗传物质的病毒
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They can click on the particle and move it around in this 3D space.
学生可以在物质上点一下,然后让它动起来,在这个3D空间里。
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But the crucial point for this view is that the proper metaphysical understanding of the mind is to think of it in nonphysical terms, nonmaterial terms.
但是这个观点的关键之处在于,从哲学角度对心灵的恰当理解,必须是在非物理的条件下去思考的,非物质的条件
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