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If I consume less than my income today, I'm saving and my consumption would be lower this year.
如果我花的比赚的少,我在储蓄,今年的消费就会较少
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of the bill in restaurants or in taxis or in bars.
在其酒店费用、出租车费或者酒吧消费的基础之上。
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Every country computes an estimate of how much is spent each year on consumption by the people who live in the country.
每个国家估算出,生活在该国国内居民,每年的消费额。
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This is a consumer society; in the 1950s it was already very much so.
这是一个消费者的社会，在50年代就几乎是这样了。
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We're going to assume that consumers are evenly spread along this city.
我们假设,消费者均匀分布在这个城市中
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And then you can look at food disappearance data and that's sort of a connection with the food production data: not so much how much is produced but how much of it is disappearing from the--the food supply.
然后看看食物消耗的记录,会与食物生产的数据,有某种联系,与其看在食品供应中生产了多少,倒不如关注被消费了多少
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but yeah, generally it's very expensive to live in San Francisco.
在旧金山的平均消费是很高的。
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Equal justice, he tells us, requires equal taxation policy and he seems to be proposing a kind of consumption tax so that the rich, who consume more will have to pay their fair share.
再者，社会公平是建立在等同的税收政策上的,霍布斯还提议征收消费税,如此一来，富人就会因为消费得多，而缴纳相对公平的税收份额。
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we have consumers under pressure because of their overextension of credit and they're having overpaid for houses over the last handful of years.
一些承受压力的消费者,因为过度贷款,他们不得不在过去的几年时间里,在买房子的时候花费了更多的钱。
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You can see that in the early 1950s mortgage debt was only something like 25% of personal consumption expenditure, but now it's up to about 100%.
抵押贷款在20世纪50年代,只占个人消费支出的25%,现在却占到几乎100%
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What they argued in this paper was that, if we had perfect risk management, then there would be perfect correlation of consumption across countries because if we get rid of the idiosyncratic risks, then all that's left is planet-wide risks.
他们在论文中的观点是，如果我们有完善的风险管理,那在不同国家之间的消费呈完全相关,因为如果我们消除了特有风险，那只剩下全球范围内的市场风险。
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So let's think about a particular consumer, so suppose this consumer is here, at point Y say.
让我们来考察一个特定的消费者,假设这个消费者在这,在Y点
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consumer protection that it would make sure that businesses are protecting individuals.
保障消费者权益,他将保证每个消费者在商业行为中,都能得到保护。
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In this article, they talked about the correlation of consumption around the world.
在这篇文章中，他们讨论了世界范围内的消费相关性。
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Well let's look at the consumer at point Y.
我们来看一下在Y点的消费者
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I can consume at any point along that line as well.
我可以在这条线上任意一点进行消费
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It says the price index contained this amount of beef, this amount of sheep wool, this amount of sole leather, and this amount of corn; that was the first consumer price index ever used for financial contracts.
指数中包括这些数量的牛肉,这些数量的羊毛,这些数量的鞋底皮,这些数量的玉米,这是在金融合约里出现的,第一个消费者物价指数
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