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For example, sodium in our blood plasma is almost to the point sometimes of 100 millimol or that's very, very concentrated.
比如，钠在我们的血浆中的浓度,有时几乎达到了一百毫克分子,或者说非常非常浓。
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And this is really interesting to think about because you can imagine in our body we have concentrations of all types of ions, and specifically, some seem very, very similar to each other.
这是非常令人感兴趣的,因为大家可以想象一下，在我们的体内我们有,一定浓度的任何类型的离子，而且特别地，其中有一些非常非常地相似。
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Movement down a concentration gradient occurs fairly rapidly over short distances like a micron or so, like the size of a bacterium.
顺浓度梯度扩散在一微米左右的短距离内,相当迅速,一微米相当于一个细菌的大小
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One is there's no lag period, notice that antibody levels start rising right away after the second exposure.
第一是没有迟滞期,请注意,抗体浓度迅速上升,在第二次接触抗原时
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They're red because they contain a special protein called hemoglobin which is very concentrated inside the cell.
红细胞的红色源于,其内部一种叫做血红蛋白的特殊蛋白质,血红蛋白在细胞内的浓度很高
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In the case of a ligand-receptor, a chemical signal in the form of a concentration of ligand gets converted into a biochemical signal.
在配体-受体系统中,配体浓度这种化学信号,转化为生化信号
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Now, we're not thinking about total antibody concentration because you already have a lot of antibodies circulating within your blood and in your fluids.
现在,我们先不考虑抗体总浓度,因为你的体内已存在许多抗体,在血液以及体液中循环
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Those levels would reach a plateau after some period of time, maybe after a couple of weeks and then they would begin to decline again.
在一段时间后,抗体浓度将达到峰值,峰值大约出现在几周之后,之后,抗体浓度将开始下降
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There's a lag phase, there's a slow rise to an intermediate level of antibody.
会有迟滞期,在该时期,抗体浓度缓慢到达中间水平
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If you looked at the antibodies that were present in the blood, for example, you would find that most of those antibodies are IgM during this initial period of antibody concentration rise.
如果你现在观察血液中存在的抗体,举个例子,在初次免疫的抗体浓度上升阶段,你将会发现大部分的抗体都是IgM
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The answer is it will want to reform with itself, and if I have these in solution then how many reform with itself and how many reform with the molecule I'm interested probably depends on the relative concentrations of both in the solution and what conditions I have it at.
答案是质粒有可能会自己闭合,如果质粒和我感兴趣的DNA片段,都在溶液里那有多少质粒会自己合上,有多少与我感兴趣的DNA重组呢,这大概取决于两者在溶液里的相对浓度,和我让溶液处在什么条件下
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