Bourgeois and burghers, as I said last time, are urban residents who are losing their privileges on the continent to big-time absolute states.
中产阶级和市民,正如我上次所讲的,这些城市居民是那些在欧洲大陆,被绝对主义国家剥夺权利的人
In Europe, if you go to like, any country like France, maybe Spain,
在欧洲,如果你去,像法国这样的国家,也许是西班牙,
Even in peacetime, military expenditures take up almost half of the budget of any European state, and in times of war, eighty percent.
即使在和平时期,欧洲任一国家的军费开支,也几乎占据了其预算的一半,在战时,更是达到了80%
It's that China and India and we and Europe and Russia are all scrambling for energy.
问题在于中国,印度,我们,俄罗斯和其它欧洲国家,都在争夺能源资源。
But Hobbes lived at a time when the modern system of European states even as we understand them today, was just beginning to emerge.
霍布斯生活在一个时代,这个时代中,现代欧洲国家,就像我们今天理解的这样,已经快要出现了。
It's different in other countries; in Europe, they've had universal banking, which allowed banks to offer insurance for a much longer time but in the U.S.
这与其他国家是不同的,在欧洲,那里有综合银行,它们提供保险服务已经有很长一段时日了,但是在美国
Despite all of the--Mitterrand's plans for decentralization, and the creation of regional councils, basically France remains the most centralized state in Western Europe, and the role of Paris in French life does not have an equivalent in other European countries.
尽管密特朗计划在法国实施,去中央集权化并创立地方议会,法国基本上还是西欧,中央集权化程度最高的国家,巴黎在法国的地位是欧洲其它国家的城市,所不能比拟的
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