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In fact, the vast majority of citizens in even the platonically just city will not necessarily have platonically just souls.
事实上，大部份的公民,就算是在柏拉图式的正义之城中,也将不尽然会有柏拉图式的正义灵魂。
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This remarkable letter was written when Plato was very old, approximately 50 years after the trial and execution of Socrates.
那封了不起的书信,是在柏拉图年迈时所写，大约是,苏格拉底被审判及处决后的，50，年。
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I mean, the Greeks didn't -- Plato's Symposium, all of these guys are sitting around having a drinking party.
我是说,希腊人不这样 --,在柏拉图的飨宴上,人们坐在那里举行酒宴
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He gets to go up to Plato's heaven where he can have more direct contact with these things, with the forms.
他可以飞升至柏拉图的天堂,在那里他可以更直接地,接触到型相
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The ironic fact is, because the New Testament is considered more important by people, there are a whole lot more people who take my New Testament classes than go over to the Classics Department and take a course in Plato.
讽刺的是，由于人们认为新约更重要，所以在我新约课堂上的人,远远多于,在古典学系选修柏拉图的人。
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The Republic belongs to that period of Plato's work after his return to Athens, after the execution of Socrates.
理想国》即是柏拉图,在返回雅典后的作品之一，也就是在苏格拉底被处决之后。
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The idea of having the liberty to say whatever comes to our lips sounds to Plato like a kind of blasphemy.
拥有随意脱口而出,自由的概念,听在柏拉图耳中却像是一种亵渎。
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What is justice, we've been questioning asking ourselves throughout this book in which Plato has been,Socrates has been teasing us with.
正义为何，我们不断地自问,整本书柏拉图与苏格拉底,都在挑逗我们的问题。
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The philosopher is described by Plato as someone with knowledge of the eternal forms, lying behind or beyond the many particulars.
哲学家在柏拉图的形容下,是拥有永恒知识，置身于许多特殊事物之后或之外的人。
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He begins in many ways by appearing to defend Plato's view about the rule of the best individual.
此为其正义，他一开始看似在捍卫,柏拉图的观点，即最优个体的统治。
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Hobbes wrote, "I am at the point of believing that my labors will be " as useless as the commonwealth of Plato."
贺伯斯写到，“我在此要相信,我的努力将如同,柏拉图的国家一样不具实用“
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But at any rate, our question shouldn't be what was Plato thinking, but is the argument any good.
总之，我们的问题不该是,柏拉图在想什么，而是这个论证好不好。
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Plato's Republic is, we will discover as you read, it is a republic of a very special kind.
柏拉图的《理想国》各位在我们继续阅读中，自会发现是一种很特别的理想国。
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It might be that Plato is worried that he hasn't really shown that the soul is immortal afterwards.
可能是柏拉图担心,他并没真正解释,灵魂在死后是不朽的。
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Now, the objection I've just raised is not the objection that Plato raised in the Phaedo, but he does raise a different objection.
我提出的反对观点并非是,柏拉图在斐多篇里提出的反对观点，但他确实提出了个不同的反对观点。
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Ordinary objects in the world participate to a greater or lesser degree in the Platonic forms.
这个世界的普通的事物,在柏拉图型相中会处于或高或低的层次
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I don't think they work, though I want to remark before I turn to them that in saying this I'm not necessarily criticizing Plato.
我不认为它们行得通,在此我得声明,说这些话时,我并不一定是在批判柏拉图
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So, for example, to give an example that Plato actually gives in the dialogue, we are all awake now, but previously we were asleep.
举例来说吧,柏拉图在对话中举过这么个例子,我们现在都清醒着,但之前我们都在熟睡
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So, how do we know, if we've got this play, whose position is Plato's position?
那么,我们如何辨别,在戏剧中,谁代表柏拉图本人的立场呢
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One thing, of course, you note in the Republic, is that Plato is nowhere present.
当然，有一件事你会注意到，在《理想国》中并未有柏拉图踪迹。
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Scholars distinguish between the early Platonic dialogues, the so-called Socratic dialogues, where the thought is, those are the views of Socrates, the actual historical figure.
学者们是如此鉴别的,柏拉图早期对话作品,即,在所谓的苏格拉底的对话中,主角苏格拉底的观点,与历史上那个真实的苏格拉底的思想吻合
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Think of that. And while you're thinking about it you can start reading Plato's Apology for Socrates which we will discuss for class on Wednesday.
想想这个问题，此外，你们可以开始,阅读柏拉图的《苏格拉底自辩篇》,我们将在周三的课堂上讨论。
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And it is certainly a large theme of Plato's theory of justice in the Republic.
而这更是柏拉图在《理想国》中,关于正义的大主题。
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But in thinking about math, most of us are inclined to be Platonists.
但在用数学的方式进行思考时,我们都倾向于变成柏拉图主义者
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In one of Plato's lesser known dialogues he makes a statement--the following statement, which I think shows both the typical arrogance of the Greeks and also says something true.
在柏拉图的一个不怎么出名的对话录中,他作了一个声明,以下是这些声明,我认为它们既是希腊人典型的傲慢的体现,又说到了一些事实
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But most of the objections to Plato's particular form of the philosophic kingship on the practicality of his idea.
但对柏拉图,特别形式之,哲学王权的异议,在其实践性。
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It refers to that period that Plato says in the letter looked like "a golden age, " when many things seemed possible."
也就是柏拉图在书信中所指,“事物充满无限可能的，黄金时期“
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His complex relationship with Socrates is Alcibiades by the way recounted in the drunken speech that Alcibiades gives in Plato's dialogue Symposium.
他与苏格拉底间,复杂的关系，都由酒醉的,娓娓道来，并记录在柏拉图的,《飨宴篇》辩证中。
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Plato's critique of Homeric poetry in the Republic is two-fold; it is both theological and political.
柏拉图在《理想国》中,批评荷马诗学有两层含意;,同时是有关神学与政治学。
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slightly other kind of language that Plato uses at various points, "Likes are known by likes."
一种稍微不同的说法是,柏拉图在多个观点中所用到的,同类互知
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