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The first barricades, by the way, were built in Paris in the late sixteenth century, so there's a long tradition.
顺便说一下,第一个街垒,是十六世纪末在巴黎建造的,这对巴黎是一个悠久的传统
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Do you think it's easier to find your way here in London than in Paris?
你觉得在伦敦比在巴黎认路更容易吗？
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And a turbo-prof is somebody who lives in Paris, and whose dream is to teach at Paris, particularly at Paris I.
涡轮教授是一位巴黎人,梦想在巴黎教书,特别是在巴黎第一大学
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A lot of them were writing from Paris in the nineteenth century.
在十九世纪 他们中的很多人都在巴黎撰文
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And I want to propose to her in Paris, at the garden of Louvre.
我想在巴黎向她求婚，在卢浮宫的花园里。
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The thesis is written in French over in Paris.
他的论文是在法国巴黎完成的。
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suddenly all of Paris is organized at your feet.
突然之间，整个巴黎就在你脚下了。
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I think it's '27; let me get my date right--in 1927 he moved to Chicago, moved north. And in the 1940s he moved to Paris, and he died there in 1960.
927年，我想是27年;,我确认一下，1927年他北迁到芝加哥，1940年代他搬到巴黎，1960年在那里去世。
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You don't have to know French to know this, but here's a menu that they're--this is early in the siege.
不会法语也能看懂,这个食谱是在巴黎被困早期写的
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I remember when I was a student in Paris I remember going up to-- and that's where they massacred lots of people.
我记得自己在巴黎上学的时候去过个地方,有很多人在那里被屠杀
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In 1953 there was a documentary made about the deportation of Jews, from Paris, and there was a film made about this.
在1953年有个纪录片,关于遣送犹太人,从巴黎,也有一部电影是关于这事的
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You were guilty because you were left in Paris, because you were too poor to get out.
你的罪过在于你被抛弃在巴黎,在于你一贫如洗,无力逃离
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They were--their very presence there, that's where they lived, but their defense of Paris reflects tensions between urban France and conservative rural France.
他们是,他们曾经在那里生活,这就是他们生活的地方,他们的巴黎保卫战反映了,城市居民和保守的郊区居民紧张的关系
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When I was commuting between Limoges and Paris, that was still a long trip then, there was no TGV; it was about four hours.
如果我在里摩日和巴黎之间通勤,这依旧是段漫长的旅途,这儿没有法国高铁,大概要用四小时
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So, we know who the communards were, they were ordinary people; they were the ordinary workers, men and women who simply couldn't get out.
因此,我们得知那些公社的社员,他们就是被困在城市里的普通民众,工人,市民,无法从巴黎脱身的男女
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The state could strike back with unparalleled savagery against those people who got in the way, and that's what happened at the commune, in the Paris Commune.
但它竟也可以以空前野蛮的步伐倒退,就为了对抗那些阻碍了他们的人们,这就是在公社时期所发生的,巴黎公社时期
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But the siege goes on and on, and Paris changes appearances.
德国的围攻仍在继续,而巴黎的市容也有所变化
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the Academy of Sciences in Paris, which was founded in 1666.
也就是巴黎的法国科学院,在1666年创立
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I remember when De Gaulle died I was in Paris.
我记得戴高乐死的时候我在巴黎
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Now,that has changed, for sure; but,the centralization of the French government and the domination of Paris over the life of the nation is very difficult to change, over a long period of time.
现在,情况已经发生了改变,但是法国政府的中央集权化,以及巴黎在国民生活中的支配地位,在相当时间段内,都很难得以改变
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There was sort of an economic takeoff in the 1850s and '60s in Paris because the State banks are in Paris, the State financial institutions are in Paris, and they can make or break investment in all these places.
在十九世纪五十至六十年代的巴黎,有了一次经济的腾飞,因为国家银行设在了巴黎,国家金融机构在巴黎,这些机构可以设立或取消全国的投资
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Despite all of the--Mitterrand's plans for decentralization, and the creation of regional councils, basically France remains the most centralized state in Western Europe, and the role of Paris in French life does not have an equivalent in other European countries.
尽管密特朗计划在法国实施,去中央集权化并创立地方议会,法国基本上还是西欧,中央集权化程度最高的国家,巴黎在法国的地位是欧洲其它国家的城市,所不能比拟的
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And a couple of the communards-- one is a woman that you'll read about later, called Louise Michel, who spends half her time in exile in London, who was an anarchist, basically, was very important, along with Elisabeth Dmitrieff.
巴黎公社中的一些社员,你们之后会在阅读材料中读到她,她叫路易斯·米歇尔,她半辈子的时间都被放逐于伦敦,她是无政府主义者,更关键的是因为,她与伊丽莎白·德米特里耶夫的观点一致
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I'm going to talk about the centralization of the French State and the question of why Paris--and that's kind of fun to talk about- and the role of Paris in centralization, and the particular role of Paris in French economic, political, social and cultural life.
一是讲法国政府的集权化统治,还有巴黎为什么 谈论这个很有意思,巴黎在中央集权政府中的地位,以及其在法国经济,社会,文化领域中的地位
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And, in my view, the Paris Commune and the massacre that followed the Paris Commune, the massacre of thousands and thousands of people, anticipated the twentieth century, when you became guilty for just being who you were.
在我看来,巴黎公社和随后的那场,使得成千上万的人死于非命的大屠杀,都预示了二十世纪的血雨腥风,人们仅仅因为自己的出身而获罪
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And, to be sure, there were lots of crowds in Paris were the inevitable crowds who shouted for war, which was sort of odd because Paris was increasingly a leftwing city, because the vast majority of the population of Paris were ordinary people,were workers, more about that another time when I talk about Paris.
很多巴黎民众涌上街头,个个嚷着要上战场,而这对巴黎这座逐渐左倾的城市有些令人惊奇,因为这座城市的多数人,都是平民和工人,关于这点我会在讲到巴黎时再和大家讨论
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Louis XIV when he was a kid, he was about twelve or thirteen years old, he lived in Paris.
在他还是个十二,三岁的孩子的时候,他住在巴黎
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So,you've got people who live in Lyon who teach in Paris; or, friends of mine that teach in Lille and live in Paris--or, I teach in Rouen frequently-- who live in Paris in teach in Rouen.
你们知道了那些住在里昂要去巴黎教书,或是有朋友在里昂教书,住在巴黎,或是我经常在鲁昂教书,我是住在巴黎却在鲁昂授课
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In 1717 in Paris, Lindsey Hughes reports, he went to a private house instead of the Louvre palace.
林赛·休斯曾写道,彼得大帝1717年去巴黎时,他没有住在卢浮宫而是住在一所私宅里
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And this is--God, I love this--one picture, you first see the first picture you can actually see of Paris, the faubourg du temple.
这个是,天啊,我爱死这张了,这是你能看到的巴黎的第一张照片,在圣殿郊区街拍的
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