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and when he lays out the ideal society in his view in the Republic, we find there are multiple rulers.
他在《理想国》一书中论述了心目中的,理想社会,我们从中能看出精英集团的存在
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The Republic belongs to that period of Plato's work after his return to Athens, after the execution of Socrates.
理想国》即是柏拉图,在返回雅典后的作品之一，也就是在苏格拉底被处决之后。
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Blanc said the ideal society is based on the principle of, and now I quote, "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs."
勃朗说理想国,应建立在这样的原则上，以下由我引用，各尽所能，按需分配“
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So a good bit of what we know about diet and health now comes from studies like The Nurses' Health Study, and in the past, from studies like The Framingham Study and The Seven Country Study.
我们现在知道的关于饮食与健康的知识,相当大一部分来自于像,护士健康研究这样的调查,而在过去则是来自像弗明汉研究和,七国研究这样的项目
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He represents what will later be called in the Republic the appetitive part of the soul, the appetites.
他代表的是稍后在《理想国》中,所谓灵魂欲望的部份，众多的欲望。
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Plato's critique of Homeric poetry in the Republic is two-fold; it is both theological and political.
柏拉图在《理想国》中,批评荷马诗学有两层含意;,同时是有关神学与政治学。
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One thing, of course, you note in the Republic, is that Plato is nowhere present.
当然，有一件事你会注意到，在《理想国》中并未有柏拉图踪迹。
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We overlook, we conveniently overlook a number of facts about him, his hostility to democracy, we'll see that in the Republic but we've seen it already to some degree in the Apology.
我们忽略了,很轻易就忽略掉许多关于他的事实，他对民主的敌视，将在《理想国》中详读,但我们已能在《苏格拉底自辩篇》中,看出端倪。
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Plato's Republic is, we will discover as you read, it is a republic of a very special kind.
柏拉图的《理想国》各位在我们继续阅读中，自会发现是一种很特别的理想国。
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This is a point that is often lost in the Republic, that it is first of all a work on the reform of the soul.
这是在《理想国》中常被落掉的观点，即改革灵魂,为首要之事。
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And it is certainly a large theme of Plato's theory of justice in the Republic.
而这更是柏拉图在《理想国》中,关于正义的大主题。
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Polemarchus This is an argument that comes from Polemarchus in Book I of the Republic.
这是,在《理想国》第一册中的辩论。
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We will see it again in different ways in the Republic.
我们将会看到,其不同的变化出现在《理想国》之中。
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He wants to deprive poets of their power to enchant, and something Socrates admits in the tenth book of the Republic, to which he himself has been highly susceptible to the enchantment of the poets.
他想剥去诗人使人着迷的力量，可苏格拉底,也在《理想国》的十册中承认，他个人,对诗人的魅力抵抗力很弱。
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What is the Republic about?
理想国》在讲什么？
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Later in the Republic you will see, not that much later even, Socrates will argue that the best city may be characterized by peace and harmony at home, but this will never be so for relations between states.
稍后在《理想国》中就会读到，而且就快读到了，苏格拉底会强调,最优的城市特点是,举国和平与和谐，但永远不存在于,国际关系之中。
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I'm not sure if it's altogether true, but it's a good story, at least, about the famous German philosopher who said that on his first teaching of the Republic, he went through the whole book, ! taught the whole book in one seminar, one semester.
不确定是否都对，但是讲得很好，至少，讲者是著名德国哲学家,他在首堂讲授《理想国》的课中如此提问，然后教完整本巨著，整本巨著在一个学期内教完，一个学期。
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Then, in the last book of the Republic, Book X, there is, once again, a descent to the underworld, to the world of Hades.
接着，在《理想国》的最后一部，第，X，部，再度下降到阴间，地狱的世界。
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But I want to start with what is one of the grand themes of the Republic, it is indicated in Book II by Adeimantus' speech about self-control.
但我想从《理想国》中的,一个重要主题开场，在第，II，册,由，Adeimantus，关于自控的谈话中所引出。
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And the question posed by the Republic, in many ways, the question around which the book as a whole gravitates, is whether this thumotic quality can be controlled.
而《理想国》所提呈的问题，在很多方面，这些整本书,重点环绕的问题，是这些，Thumos，特质是否能受控制。
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