There was in the late 1860s a revival of republican and socialist organization, and of anarchist disorganization, if you will.

在十九世纪六十年代晚期,共和主义及社会主义组织,还有无政府主义组织有所复兴,如果你们愿意这么认为的话

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

So, there's a political mobilization in the late 1860s, and in the beginning of 1870 there's a wave of strikes.

因此,在十九世纪六十年代晚期,掀起了一场政治动员,一八七零年开年,法国便迎来了一场罢工潮

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

There was sort of an economic takeoff in the 1850s and '60s in Paris because the State banks are in Paris, the State financial institutions are in Paris, and they can make or break investment in all these places.

在十九世纪五十至六十年代的巴黎,有了一次经济的腾飞,因为国家银行设在了巴黎,国家金融机构在巴黎,这些机构可以设立或取消全国的投资

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选