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What I want to do is get you to appreciate the unique perspective that you will get from studying solid-state chemistry.
我要做的是，让你们,欣赏领会到它独特的远景,在学习固体化学的过程中。
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And we try to just have a community where undergraduates majoring in chemical engineering can come together
我们就想为化学工程的本科生建立一个让他们能聚在一起的组织，
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Dudley Herschbach, a Harvard chemistry professor who has a Nobel prize had this painting hung at one of the halls.
德利·赫施巴赫，一位哈佛化学教授,他曾获得诺贝尔奖并将这画,挂在了其中的一个大厅里。
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And if you work out the energetics as we've gone with thermochemistry, dH you discover there's a huge negative delta H.
如果你计算能量变化,就像在化学热力学中所作的一样，你会发现很大的负的。
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So, people in the chemistry community and in the physics community had this general feeling that the theoretical structure of the entire universe was pretty well understood.
在化学界和物理学界,人们都觉得描述,整个宇宙的理论框架,已经被很好的理解了。
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In the case of a ligand-receptor, a chemical signal in the form of a concentration of ligand gets converted into a biochemical signal.
在配体-受体系统中,配体浓度这种化学信号,转化为生化信号
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I was at Princeton from 83 to 86, got my master in chemical engineering Now i serve as the administrator of the United States Envrionment Protection Agency My engineering background is extremely important to the job i do everyday.
3-86年我在普林斯顿大学学习，取得了化学工程的硕士学位,我现在的职务是,美国环境保护署署长,我的工程学背景,对我现在的日常工作十分重要。
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When the people never used any chemicals, you know, they work hard on the field.
那时候，人们从来不用任何化学品，而是在田地里辛勤劳动。
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To ask questions like how much heat is released in a chemical reaction that takes place at constant temperature.
当我们想要知道,当一个化学反应在恒定的温度下发生时,会放出多少热量时。
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You are allowed to use on the test the official version of the Periodic Table of the Elements which most of you should have by now.
在测试中你们可以使用,化学元素周期表的官方版本,你们应该大部分都有了吧。
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We don't usually do our chemistry calculations in miles per hour, so let's switch that to 42 meters per second, so it's -- sorry, it's 94 miles per hour.
在化学计算中我们很少,用英里每小时，所以我们把它换算为42米每秒，对不起，它是94英里每小时。
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It's much more relevant to set our zero point energy as the separation of a bond in terms of talking about the reactions that we'll usually be dealing with here.
更好的是把零点能定在,键断裂的时刻,在讨论化学反应的时候,而我们以后将经常遇到化学反应。
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In those cases, though, you'd have quite a reasonable equilibrium, spontaneously that is there would be a lot of reaction that went if you simply started under practical conditions and let it go.
你也会得到平衡，尽管在这种情况下你得到了一个,自发的，合理的平衡,这是在正常条件下进行的,许多化学反应的情况。
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And the reason we didn't do that is because we're actually going to spend much of the rest of the course relating these different properties to the properties of molecules in terms of bonding, and also in terms of chemical reactions.
我们至今没有这样做的原因是,实际上我们这门课程以后的大部分时间都将花在,如何将这些性质与分子的性质联系起来,在成键以及化学反应的方面。
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And there are some early indications that the mass actually increases after each reorganization.Now I will send you on the weekend with a chemistry joke.
还有一些早期的标志,质量事实上上升了,在每个重组之后，现在,周末我会给你们发化学笑话。
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So hopefully you'll all look in the normal papers today, not just the scientific journals, and get to read something about chemistry.
所以希望你们在日常报纸，而不是科学杂志上阅读一些，关于化学的东西。
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And in terms of thinking about it for organic chemistry or if you're interested in thinking about the mechanism maybe by which it is toxic, a first step would be to draw its Lewis structure.
而为了在有机化学中思考它,或者如果你对它,有毒的机理感兴趣的话，第一步要做的应该就是画出它的路易斯结构。
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who's a Japanese chemist, Martin Chalfi and then Martin Chalfi who's at Columbia, Robert Chen and Robert Chen UCSD who's at U. C. San Diego.
这是一个日本化学家，还有,他在哥伦比亚大学，还有,他在。
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What is it when you run a chemical reaction under ordinary circumstances, what's constant?
如果你在通常的环境下进行化学实验,那么这些条件是什么？什么保持常数？
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This is another organic chemistry reagent, it's also used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry.
这也是一个有机化学试剂，而且还在制药业中广泛应用。
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So, when I started in college, that wasn't even an option for me and I was interested in a lot of things, chemistry not being one.
因此当我来到大学时,在我所感兴趣的科目里,根本就没有化学。
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You spend a lot of time talking about the transition between alchemy and modern chemistry.
在高中化学你很多时间是花在,了解从炼金术到化学的改变上。
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You might say, well what's the person who studied chemical metallurgy doing teaching chemistry here? Well, after my Ph.D., MIT I came here as a postdoctoral fellow in 1977.
你们可能会问，这个学习,化学冶金学的人怎么会在这教,化学呢，好吧，在我拿到博士学位后，1977年我作为一名博士后来到了。
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Now, I know you've had all this bonding in the orientation period, but I think that it's much better when you write a test for there to be some solid state defects known as vacancies in between the various people.
现在，我知道你们关系很融洽,在互相介绍的时间里，但是我想这样会更好,当你们在一起做一个测试,成为固体化学的不良产品,成为众多人当中的缺位。
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That doesn't come out of what we calculated before in thermochemistry.
我们以前在化学热力学中所计算的量,无法告诉我们这些。
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So the point is, this balance between energy thatyou could think of as say bond energies in chemical reactions, and entropy that you can think of in terms of disorder, how many different possible combinations or configurations of something wrong, will dictate where the equilibrium lies.
关键在于，这种能量与熵之间的平衡,确定了平衡的条件，在化学中能量涉及键能，而熵和无序有关,即有多少可能的不同组合或者形位，二者的平衡会告诉我们平衡态是什么样子。
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You won't have to solve it in this class, you can wait till you get to 18.03 to start solving these types of differential equations, and hopefully, you'll all want the pleasure of actually solving the Schrodinger equation at some point. So, just keep taking chemistry, 18 03 you'll already have had 18.03 by that point and you'll have the opportunity to do that.
你们不用在课堂上就解它，你们可以等到得到18，03之后,再开始解这些类型的微分方程，希望你们都想得到,实际解薛定谔方程的乐趣,所以，保持来上化学课，你们在那个点将会得到,你们有机会做到的。
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During the section times I'll be available if you feel like you want to read Chapters 2 and 4 and then come and ask questions, sort of a tutorial on these topics of chemistry and biochemistry, then I'll be available to talk about that during that time.
在小组讨论的时间里,你们可以来找我,如果你们学习完第二章和第四章之后,想问一些关于,化学和生化方面的问题,可以来找我,我会在那个时候给你们进行讲解
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So that means that we don't have to worry about things like wave functions when we're talking about Lewis structures, but because they're so simple to use and because they so often predict the electron configuration of molecules accurately, we end up using them all the time in chemistry, so it's very valuable to know how to draw them correctly and to know how to work with them.
因此这也就意味着我们在讨论路易斯结构的时候,不需要担心波函数之类的东西，但是由于路易斯结构不仅简单易用,而且用它来预测分子的电子排布,经常可以得到非常精确的结果，结果我们在化学中一直都在用它，因此知道如何正确地画出并运用,路易斯结构是非常有价值的。
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