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They did manage to establish a kingdom in the land that was known in antiquity as Canaan around the year 1000.
约公元前1000年时他们确实在那片叫迦南的土地上,立了一个自己的王国。
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If you want a real world example of this, think about the third Century B.C., someone can correct me afterwards.
现实世界也有这样的例子,大概在公元前三世纪,如果我说错了请大家来纠正
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But if you think of the time span about 900 to 700 B.C., that is, when these changes are taking place.
但是如果你发现它发生在,大约公元前900年到700年之间时
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He defeated the Persian Army in Asia Minor at Granicus, the Battle of Granicus, in 334.
他在小亚细亚的格拉尼库斯击败波斯军队，也就是公元前334年的格拉尼库斯河战役。
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The trial of Socrates takes place in the year 399 and all of these refer to before the common era 399.
苏格拉底的审判,发生在公元前399年，这些,全都指向共同年代─399年之前。
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And some of these works are referred to as the Apocrypha-- so you will have heard that term.These are writings that were composed somewhere around here, sort of 200 BCE to 100 CE.
因为其中一些作品被认为是《次经》,你们中的一些人听我提到过《次经》，这些作品是,大约在公元前200年到公元100年之间整理的。
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Hundreds of years before the birth of Christ, Homer described the fate of the companions of Odysseus who were transformed by a witch into pigs.
在公元前几百年,荷马这样描述奥德赛的几个同伴的命运,一个女巫将他们变成了猪
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But now, imagine that we are living in the early years of a polis sometime in the eighth century B.C.
但是,现在想象一下,假如我们生活在公元前八世纪
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He was assassinated by conservative Senate forces-- - you know, Brutus and Cassius and others-- on the Ides of March, as you all know, March 15th, 44 BCE.
恺撒最终被元老院保守派暗杀-,布鲁图斯，卡西乌斯为首的等人-,在3月15日这天，也就是众所周知的，公元前44年3月15日。
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He died in 323, when he was not yet 33-years-old, and he died in Babylon of a fever, that is, of course, modern day Iraq.
他死于公元前323年，未满33岁，在巴比伦死于疟疾，也就是现代伊拉克。
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The Romans, when they came on the scene, in the East, and they gradually became more and more powerful, they destroyed Corinth in a big battle in 144 BCE.
罗马人在东方登场时，变得愈来愈强大，公元前144年他们在一场大战中摧毁了科林斯。
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Phoenicia was located where Lebanon is now, and it goes back to maybe the tenth century, maybe the ninth, and it was powerful.
腓尼基就位于现在的黎巴嫩,在公元前十世纪,或许是九世纪,腓尼基实力强大
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If our date for him, which is very problematical, is right roughly, then by certainly 700 B.C.
如果我们追溯他所处的时代的话,大概是在公元前700年,当然这有待确认
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There is a very important, famous inscription from the ninth century BCE, written by King Mesha of Moab Moab is to the southeast of the Dead Sea, so King Mesha of Moab.
有一段非常重要且著名的题词,在公元前九世纪，是摩押的米沙王所写,摩押在死海的东北，摩押的米沙王。
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In the years of the Mycenaean period, roughly from 1600 to 1100 or so B.C., you are dealing with a largely unified culture.
在大约公元前一千六百年,至公元前一千一百年,迈锡尼文明时期,你将看到一个高度统一的文化
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In fact, we have some claim, and a Roman writer later on, that there was a treaty back in the eighth century B.C.
实际上,之后一个罗马作家,写到过一些声明,公元前八世纪在埃维厄岛几个城邦之间
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Roughly speaking, about 1200 B.C., we hear of general attacks that are going on around the Mediterranean against the various civilizations of which we know.
大致说来,大概在公元前一千二百年,爆发了以地中海周围,我们所知的各种文明为攻击对象的,全面战争
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The fall of Pylos is generally thought to be around 1200 B.C.; Mycenae itself may be fifty years later, and other places later than that.
人们普遍认为皮洛斯的陨落,大约在公元前一千二百年,迈锡尼城本身也许在五十年以后,其他的地方更晚些
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I suppose the first apparently historical event that we know something about is the first Olympic Games, which according to Greek tradition were held in 776 B.C.
我认为第一个已知的重大历史事件,就是第一次奥林匹克运动会,根据希腊人的口头传述,那是发生在公元前七百七十六年
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Well, it's around 750, a great number of the changes that moved the Greeks away from the Dark Age kind of society to the full scale polis begin.
在大约公元前七百五十年,发生了许多变化,这些变化将希腊从黑暗时代的社会形态中拽出,进而开始了全面的城邦社会
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The date that's sort of typical for the general phenomenon of colonization coming out of the mother cities of Greece is again that date we keep talking about, 750 roughly.
殖民,成为这一典型时期的普遍现象,古希腊人离开故土,开始了对外扩张,也就是我们一再提起的时期,大约在公元前750年
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That appears to have taken place about 3000 B.C.
青铜时代大约出现在公元前三千年
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They established a colony somewhere in the 750's, and soon afterwards,there is a colony established on the east coast of Sicily at what we call Syracuse now, and a rash of others.
他们大约公元前七百五十年在那儿建立殖民地,紧接着,又在西西里岛的东部建立殖民地,那里我们现在叫做锡拉库扎,还有紧随其后大量其他的殖民地
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By that view, the phalanx would have come into being somewhere between about 700 and 650 B.C., which is to say after the earliest poleis are in business, and according to this interpretation, you really have them growing up together.
根据那个观点,方阵是在公元前七百年到,公元前六百五十年间出现的,也就是在最早的城邦形成之后,根据这个说法,这二者是同时发展起来的
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So, now I hope you have in your mind a picture of the way the Greek world had expanded by the time this wave of colonization was complete--pretty complete, sometime in the seventh century B.C.
希望现在你脑海中有一幅,那时候希腊世界扩张的地图,在公元前七世纪的某一阶段,形成了一个完整的殖民浪潮,相当完整
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There's something to it, because things happened in this period that are revolutionary in the arts, in the thinking of people, philosophy is going to be invented in Miletus probably in this sixth century B.C.
它们确有相似之处,因为这个时期,在艺术上以及思想上,所发生的事件是有革命意义的,大约公元前六世纪,哲学在米利都诞生
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Well, the way we can reason things out from the evidence we have suggests that Greek-speaking peoples came down into the area around the Aegean Sea, perhaps around 2000 B.C., about a thousand years later than the emergence of the Minoan civilization at Crete.
根据现在我们掌握的资料推断,讲希腊语的人群主要集中在爱琴海附近,大概在公元前两千年左右,在米诺斯文明出现在克里特岛大概一千年后
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I've given you the periods at the top of the chart: early Bronze Age; middle Bronze Age from about 2100 to 1550; we date the late Bronze age from about 1550 until 1200--the introduction of iron and the beginning of the Iron Age in 1200. Prior to that, the Bronze Age, which is divided into these three periods.
我在这个表格的顶端给你们列了一些时期：,早期青铜时代；中期青铜时代，从约公元前2100年到前1550年；,晚期青铜时代，从公元前1550年到前1200年，即铁器时代前页；,然后公元前1200年开始了铁器时代，在那以前，青铜时代分为那样三个时期。
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