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So, let's take a look at the different kinetic energies that would be observed in a spectrum for neon where we had this incident energy here.
那么，让我们来看一下,在已知入射能量的情况下,可以在氖光谱中观测到哪些不同的动能。
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And let's look at the final kinetic energy that we'd observe in this spectrum, which is 384 electron volts, so what is that third corresponding ionization energy?
然后让我们来看一下,在光谱中观测到的，最后一种动能，它大小是，384，电子伏，那么这相应的第三种电离能是多大？
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And he found line splitting in the magnetic field.
他发现光谱线在磁场中分裂了。
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So that's promising. We did, in fact, see red in our spectrum, and it turns out that that's exactly the wavelength that we see is that we're at 657 nanometers.
这是可能的，事实上，我们在光谱里看到过红色,结果它就是我们看到的在657纳米处的波长。
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So, let's say we're looking at an element and we have an emission spectra, and we know that it has five distinct different kinetic energies in that spectrum.
比如我们正在研究一个元素,而且我们得到了它的光谱，知道了在它的光谱里,有五个分立的动能。
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It doesn't even make sense now, they're not used in spectroscopy anymore, but this is where the names originally came from and they did stick.
现在看它没什么道理，它们在光谱学里也不这么用了，但这些名字,从这里面起源后来就一直沿用下来了。
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So that's why we're not seeing separate lines in this spectrum.
因此，我们在光谱中看不到,分立的谱线。
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And when we talked about that, what we found was that we could actually validate our predicted binding energies by looking at the emission spectra of the hydrogen atom, which is what we did as the demo, or we could think about the absorption spectra as well.
当我们讨论它时，我们发现,我们可以通过,观察氢原子,发射光谱，来预测，结合能，就像我们在演示实验里做的那样，或者我们也可以观察吸收谱。
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So anything that goes from a higher energy level to 2 is going to be falling within the Balmer series, which is in the visible range of the spectrum.
任何更高能级到2能级2,都是属于Balmer系，它在可见光谱中。
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S This is s. S, according to spectroscopy, 0 means that l equals zero.
这就是s的意义，在光谱学中，表示l等于。
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So there are two electron configurations in the n equals one shell, if we follow according to the selection rules that we spelled out last day.
如果根据上次课,我们阐明的原子光谱选择定则，我们就会知道在n等于1的那一层,有两种电子图像构型。
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- So the first thing that we want to do, if we're thinking about something like this, is just to determine exactly what orbitals are causing the five different lines that we're seeing in the spectrum.
我们要做的最要紧的事，如果我们在思考这种问题的话，其实只不过是,准确地确定哪些轨道会导致,这五条分立谱线在光谱中出现。
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So we want to look at any element that has a 3 p orbital filled, but that does not then go on and have a 4 s, because if it had the 4 s filled then we would actually see six lines in the spectrum.
所以，我们要找一找有哪些元素的,3，p，轨道被占据，但没有，4，s，轨道被占据,因为如果，4，s，轨道也被占据了,那我们会在光谱中看到第六条谱线。
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Already from this class if I told you that I gave you energies in some spectrum but they were off by a factor of four, what would you think? Maybe the Z is wrong.
从这节课开始,如果我告诉你我给了你,在某些光谱里的能量,但它们不属于四大元素之一，你会怎么想？也许Z是错的。
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First there was the observation by Michelson who back in the late 1880s had done very precise interferal metric measurements of the hydrogen lines and had observed that the 656 nanometer line 3 associated with the transition of n equals 3 to n equals 2 was, in fact, a doublet.
首先是麦克逊,在1880年底的观察,他以公制单位对氢原子的光谱线,作了准确的，无其他因素干扰的，测量,发现当n值由3变为2时,会同时得到波长为656纳米的谱线3,实际上是有两条线。
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