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Milton surveys the wealth of literary tradition before him, and he resists its allure without the help of any human guide.
弥尔顿在他之前就调查过文学传统的宝藏，他在没有人帮助的情况下抗拒了这一诱惑。
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Like before Christmas, I had to go up to everybody in Union Square
比如说，在圣诞节之前，我得走向在联合广场的每一个人，
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No one, until this time, had suggested that a system would be subjected to quantization except for light.
在他之前，还没有人提出过,除光系统外的量子化系统。
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But let's not try and figure out what's going on with this big, big example because we'll get really tired.
但是我们不用去想,这个超大的例子是怎么运行的,因为那太累人了,哦实际上，在我们这么做之前。
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Given that we have the largest Internet population, it's likely that we will be able to encounter new problems before American people encounter.
中国的互联网用户是最多的，中国很有可能,将在美国人之前遇到新的问题。
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Compare after 30 or 60 seconds with the person next to you and see if before I reveal the answer we can't get everyone on to the exact same page.
和你身边的人比较30到60秒钟,看看是否在我揭露答案之前，我们不能使每个人,得到一个完全相同的页面。
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What do they do? One of the problems that it produces is the more people you have, up to a point that's good.
他们都干些什么呢,其中一个问题是,人越多,产出就越大,这在达到临界点之前是好事
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That has to do with what kind of human-being you want to be before you die.
而与你在死之前到底想做,一个什么样的人有关。
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There is also the constant, creative tension around experimentation and making sure everyone in the organization feels it's better to experiment, fail and then move on and experiment again than to not do that.
而且，在技术试验上，他总会持续迸发出创造性的火花,在这之前，马克会去确认,团队里的每一个人是否同意试验，如果第一次失败，我们会继续,而不是停止试验。
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And Thomas Jefferson described the people of the North this was in the 1780s now, this is before the cotton boom and all that he described the people of the North this way.
托马斯杰斐逊描述了北方人民,那时候是十八世纪八十年代,还是在棉花产业兴盛之前,他是这么形容北方人的
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But before I do that, I would also like to welcome-- I know that some of you are watching this from home, to the extension school students, it's wonderful to have you here.
但在这之前，我也想对-,我知道你们中的有些人正在家里看这堂课，对进修学校的同学们表示欢迎，很高兴你们能听我的课。
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Before Piaget, nobody noticed these conservation findings.
在皮亚杰之前,没有人注意到守恒
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So how many before five minutes ago had heard the name Goudsmit?
有多少人在五分钟之前听说过Goudsmit？
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We talked about the inevitability of death; we talked about the variability, that people have different lengths of time before they die.
我们讨论过了死亡的不可避免性;,我们讨论过了其可变性，不同的人在他们死之前有所的时间长度不同。
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But actually, when you saw that before, you weren't given any proof of that.
但是实际上，在你之前看到这个结果的时候，没有人给你任何证明。
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His first book was a translation of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, which he completed in 1629; Thucydides, the great historian of the Peloponnesian War, who we mentioned before when we talked about Plato.
他第一本书是对',修昔底斯《伯罗奔尼撒战争》的译著，这本书于1629年完成;,修昔底斯，伯罗奔尼撒战争中伟大的历史学家，这个人在我们之前讨论柏拉图时提到过。
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Certainly in Europe, not until the massacres of the armenians of 1895, and arguably some Napoleonic atrocities, and Napoleon's armies' atrocities in Palestine, in Palestine, or in the south of Italy, or in Spain as well.
895年,土耳其人对亚美尼亚人实施种族灭绝,在这之前可能还包括拿破仑军队的一些暴行,比如在巴勒斯坦,意大利南部,以及西班牙等地的暴行
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There's also some belief that the Vikings discovered America 300 years earlier.
也有人认为，维京人在那之前三百年就发现了美洲。
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While I was there, many many of people said to me: look, we want you to succeed we believe you mind your doing, we know you have good intentions and we hate these people when they were in power, but we have to live here, t succeed, and many people have come here and not succeed before you.
当我在那边的时候，很多人对我说：,我们想要你成功，我们知道你很在意你所做的事，我们知道你是好意的，恨这些掌权的人，但是我们得在这里生活，如果你不能成功，在你之前也有很多人失败了，and，if，you，can’
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All right, this is actually a very old piece of imperative knowledge for computing square roots, it's attributed to Heron of Alexandria, although I believe that the Babylonians are suspected of knowing it beforehand.
好，这是一个很古老的,关于计算平方根的程序性知识，是亚历山大的海伦提出的，不过我怀疑在那之前,巴比伦人就已经猜想过了。
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There was a lot of physics going on, but we didn't know a whole lot about atomic structure back in those days.
物理学在迅速发展，但在这之前并没有人对,原子结构有很全面的了解。
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Obviously, I started out by saying this would probably have been felt most strongly in the west and in the north, where the people, who lived there, before the Greeks came, were not civilized or were not highly civilized.
明显的是,我开始说到,特别是西方和北方的人们受到的影响最为深远,在希腊人到来之前,居住在那里的人,文明还未开化或者说没有高度文明
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Before Piaget, nobody noticed that babies had this problem tracking and understanding objects.
在皮亚杰之前,并没有人注意到婴儿在追踪和理解客体上,存在着守恒的问题
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Some of the most open exercises of states' rights, of course, before the 1850s, were conducted by Northerners, like in the Hartford Convention of 1814, like in personal liberty laws that we'll come to a bit later.
州政府最早开始尝试行使权力,还是在十九世纪五十年代之前,由北方人主导的,就像1814年的哈特福德公约,就像我们马上要说到的个人自由法
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So, if you were to lose half your brain, the other half can actually do a lot but some things are more prevalent and more powerful in one part of the brain than the other And I want to show you a brief film clip from "Scientific American" that illustrates the differences between the hemispheres, but before doing that,I want to provide some introductory facts.
如果你失去了半个大脑,另外一半其实也可以完成很多功能,但是某些功能是存在单侧化优势的,我给你们播放一段短片,来自于《科学美国人》,它解释了大脑两半球的功能差异,但在此之前,我想先做一些介绍
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Or a thing I made before, this was a HotOrNot program out of everyone's IDs at Harvard that almost got me kicked out.
在这之前，还用每个人的ID做过一个HotOrNot网站,我因此差点被开除。
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