In the early 1850s, Angstrom, up at the University of Uppsala in Sweden was conducting experiments on atomic hydrogen.
在19世纪50年代的头几年,阿姆斯特朗,那时还在瑞典的乌普萨拉大学里,做了一个有关氢原子的实验。
But, I think what most of you, actually having MIT come to MIT, have probably realized is sometimes it's nice to major in a science, because you can't just pick up a reaction and do it in your kitchen on the weekend, where as you can sometimes join a book group and do that.
但我认为对你们大多数人来说,既然来了,可能已经意识到最好是主修一门科学,因为你不能在你,周末的时候在厨房里做化学实验,然后你就可以参加一个读书俱乐部。
A different question is, there in that experiment the "groupiness" was established in a very powerful way.
还有一个问题就是,在这个实验里,这种群体性是通过一种很有力的方法形成的。
But it's not a big con, because you can set up experiments in free space far from everything, where objects will, in fact, maintain their velocity forever.
但这并不是个反例,因为你可以在一个远离一切的空间里做实验,在那里,物体可以永远保持现有速度
pV So there is an arbitrary set point that needs to be defined, right? Because what you actually measure in the lab are changes in enthalpy, just like what you measure when you look at energy change of some sort, you measure the change in energy, right.
焓也是一样,焓是U加,所以需要定义一个任意的设定值,对吧?因为实际上你在实验室里,测得的是焓的改变,就像你在研究某种能量变化时,所测量的那样,你测量的是能量的改变,对吧。
It only works within species. So, in another experiment they put a rabbit in the other room and the chimpanzee would slap the lever repeatedly to make the rabbit scream in pain and jump.
这种结果只出现在同种动物上,在另一个实验里,他们在另一个房间放一只兔子,结果黑猩猩不停地拍杠杆,让兔子痛得上跳下窜,大声尖叫。
What can actually happen is that if you're in an enormous laboratory, which is made up of an enormous object, then you will find that you can, in fact, attach it to the wall.
其实真实的情况就是,如果你在一个巨大的实验室里,这个实验室由巨大的物体组成,你就会发现能够,将它与墙相连
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