So like the eastern states, you have a powerful ruler who is a warlord.

就像东方国家一样,有一个热爱战争的强权统治者

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

But in absolute states, there's no doubt who rules and who helps rule.

但是,在绝对主义的国家里,谁是统治者谁是帮手,这是不容置疑的

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

He creates committees of advisors that, in many ways, are not that different than the kinds of ministries that would evolve in western absolute rulers-- absolute states, and in non-absolute states as well.

彼得大帝建立了顾问委员会,在很多方面,这都和西方绝对统治者的内阁相差无几,无论是绝对主义国家还是非绝对主义国家

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选