I think that these countries are somewhat trying to manage this oil risk but they can't yet get onto the frontier.
我想这些国家或多或少,都试着控制石油风险,但他们根本无法达到有效边界。
why some countries have chosen or established certain forms of government,
为什么有些国家选择或建立某些形式的政府,
There was no word literally in Russian for the state, or for the monarchy, or for the government.
在俄语中都没有"国家"这个词,也没有"君主制"或"政府"
So what does libertarianism say about the role of government or of the state?
自由主义对于政府或国家的角色,有什么看法呢?
Now, his language in that sentence that I just read from the introduction, "For by art", again, "is created that great Leviathan called a commonwealth or a state."
他在那句话里的说话,在引言里,我刚刚读过,号称“国民的整体“或“国家“的这个庞然大物,是用艺术造成的“
It means we really haven't done anything-- that's an exaggeration-- we've done very little to manage risks that individuals or that countries face, for that matter, or even individuals face.
这意味着我们面对冲击无动于衷-,这有点夸张-,我们只做了很少努力,来管理个人,或国家面临的风险。
People exposed to death primes become more nationalistic, more patriotic, less forgiving of other people, less liking of other races and people from other countries.
处于死亡意念促发下的个体,会具有更强烈的民族主义和爱国主义倾向,较少原谅他人,对于来自其他国家的其他种族,或人民不那么友好。
I was part of a huge conference last summer in West Africa on the end of the slave-trade in Ghana, and we had representatives we had people participating in that conference from 15 or 16 different African countries.
我去年夏天曾参加过西非的一个大型集会,纪念是加纳奴隶交易的结束,会议上有来自各国的代表,有15或16个非洲国家的代表,参与的这次大型会议
who live in different states or different countries,
他们都住在不同的州或国家,
There was sort of an economic takeoff in the 1850s and '60s in Paris because the State banks are in Paris, the State financial institutions are in Paris, and they can make or break investment in all these places.
在十九世纪五十至六十年代的巴黎,有了一次经济的腾飞,因为国家银行设在了巴黎,国家金融机构在巴黎,这些机构可以设立或取消全国的投资
All states, all dominions that have held and do hold empire over man " are either republics or principalities," he says in the opening sentence of chapter 1.
所有国家,所有领地,只要是曾或正让君权凌驾人民之上,要不是共和就是君权“,他在第一章的开头即如是说到。
You were sort of in a punchbowl The country was at a party and we kept drinking from this punchbowl, enjoying ourselves, and the rest of the world would take our dollars.
你就有点像在一个动力十足的碗里,那样的话,整个国家就像是一个大派对,我们在这个,动力十足的碗里畅饮,尽情愉悦,世界其他国家或地区的人也会接受美元。
The city, as Aristotle understands, will always exist in a world with other cities or other states, based on different principles that might be hostile to one's own.
城市,如亚里士多德所认为,将永远会,和其它城市或国家同时存在,根于不同的管理原则,可能还会对自己人怀有敌意。
For by art", he says in the introduction, "For by art is created that great Leviathan called a commonwealth or a state, " which is but an artificial man, though of greater stature and strength than the natural for whose protection and defense it was intended."
他在引言中说,因为号称国民的整体或国家这个庞然大物,“利维坦“是用艺术造成的,它只是一个“人造的人,虽然它远比自然人身高力大,而是以保护自然人为目的“
You could use a sign language thing for "Drink" that looks sort of like the act of drinking but you can't use a sign language word for "Country" that looks like a country, or for "Idea" that looks like an idea.
你可以用看起来像喝这个动作的手语,来表示"喝",但你无法用看起来像国家的手语,来表示"国家",或用看起来像想法的手语来表示"想法"
What they did instead of just-remember the Federal Funds Rate is a target interest rate that the Fed attempts to hit through buying and selling treasury bills in the U.S. or in other countries buying and selling government bonds to affect the market.
他们真正做的事-记住,联邦资金利率是,美联储试图通过在美国,买进和卖出国库券,或在其他国家买进和卖出政府债券,来影响市场的目标利率。
And what this means is we can use --take any arbitrary idea in the world, the idea of a chair or a story or a country, and make a sound or a sign to connect to it.
符号任意性是指,我们可以拿来世间任何想法,比如椅子,故事,或是国家,再发明一种声音或符号来与之相联系
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