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Therefore, we have the chance to innovate and to solve those problems. So, I think there are hopes for that.
因此，我们有机会进行创新来解决这些问题,那就是希望之所在。
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In this case, 6 valence electrons for each oxygen, so we have 18 total valence electrons.
在这种情况下，每个氧原子都有六个价电子，因此我们总共有十八个价电子。
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And so, I'm going to talk about that after we have a better understanding of what's going on in the book.
因此我将在我们对这本书有了更好的理解之后,再谈论其历史。
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So if you take the test at 11:00 come here, but there is a plurality of rooms because we want to have some vacancies here.
因此如果你11：00过来参加考试，还会有很多的教师的,因此，我们希望有些空缺。
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So, what we really like-- The kind of person we're really attracted to is the competent individual who occasionally blunders.
因此，真正地-,对我们真正有魅力的人,是那些偶尔失态的能人。
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And if you're our zero just continue standing there awkwardly, Alright. So with that said, we have a three-letter word so we'll have three rounds of hands going up or down.
如果你代表0，就站在那里别动，好，那么，我们有三个字母的单词,因此我们分三次分别表达这三个字母。
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OK. We're going to run primarily a paperless subject, that's why the website is there.
好了，我们基本上是不用书面材料的，因此会有网站的存在。
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So we have a spread of things like this in terms of technology.
因此在技术领域,我们有很多这样的成就。
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These prophets delivered their oracles at critical junctures in Israel's history, in the nation's history, so their words are only going to make sense to us if we first understand the particular historical crises that they are addressing.
这些告知发表预言，总是在一些关键的转折期,在以色列历史中，国家的历史中，因此他们的话只对我们有意义,如果我们首先懂得某些特别的历史性危机,先知们所提到的。
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Yeah, that's exactly right, and that's why we have a constitutional amendments.
是的，那非常正确，正是因此我们有宪法修正案。
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And so we now have two observations.
因此我们有两组不同的实验。
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These are the things that we do best and where we have advanced course work available in these three categories and so I'm going to emphasize these three but we'll talk about all of these subjects as we go through the course.
这是我们做的最好的三个方向,在这三个方向下我们开设有高阶的课程,因此我会重点讲这三个方向,但随着课程的进行,所有的主题我们都会讲到
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So, if we compare the sulfur to the oxygen, the oxygen it turns out is more electronegative and that is what holds the negative charge in this molecule.
因此，如果我们来比一下硫和氧，氧应该有更高的电负性,而在这个分子中它确实有负的电荷。
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So in terms of remaining valence electrons we have 12, so we can finish off each of our Lewis structures, so that's our first structure there, and our second structure there.
那么关于剩下的价电子，我们有十二个，因此我们可以完成这两个路易斯结构了，那么这是我们的第一个结构，而那是我们的第二个结构。
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So we know we always want to have our systems in as low an energy as possible, so it makes sense that a bond would happen any time we got a lower energy when we combine two atoms, versus when we keep them separate.
我们知道我们总是希望使我们的系统,处于能量尽可能低的状态，因此就应该有化学键产生,一旦我们合并两个原子之后体系的能量变得更低，相较于分开时。
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It's a bad habit to get into, because when you come back to it, it may haunt you later on down the road. So really get into that notion of trying to be defensive as you program.
来运行程序的时候,错误就会出现缠住你了,因此现在我们真的要培养,在程序中有防卫性设计的概念。
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You have escaping slaves from Egypt. And remember, we do have some evidence of destruction from outside, so there could also have been some foreigners coming in and destroying and settling. It even seems that some local foreigners were admitted to the community.
有从埃及出逃的奴隶，记住，我们有外部摧毁的证据，因此肯定有过一些外国人进入,他们摧毁又定居，甚至仿佛是,一些当地的外国人被该团体所接纳。
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And it does, so we know that we're probably on target in terms of calculating our formal charge.
而它确实是这样，因此我们知道我们很有可能,算对了我们的形式电荷。
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And then we end up having 6 shared electrons, 2 from each of the bonds, so we end up with a formal charge on sulfur of plus 1.
然后我们有六个共用电子，每个键两个，因此最终硫的形式电荷量为正一。
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So this is a case where we have resonance structures, or we call this a resonance hybrid.
因此在这种情况下我们就有了共振结构，或者我们叫它共振杂化。
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So if we think about the upper right hand part of the quadrant, well, this is where we're going to have high electron affinity and high ionization energy, so we're also going to see high electronegativity here.
那么让我们来看看右上方的部分，好，在这里我们将会有高的电子亲和能,与高的电离能，因此我们会看到这里的电负性也很高。
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And so, if we look at our box notation, we've got three states in the p orbital.
因此，如果我们看看我们的盒子符号，在p轨道有三个状态。
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In this case, we're talking about 8 electrons, which is oxygen.
而这里，我们看到有八个电子，因此它是氧。
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So we have a large roll of courses.
因此我们有用来上很多课的大教室。
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So whether we finish it today, or more likely when we finish it up on Friday, once we get passed isoelectronic atoms, that's it, that's all you need to study for this first exam.
因此，我们也许今天讲完，或者更有可能周五讲完，无论如何，就到我们讲完等电子原子为止，这是你们第一次考试所需要准备的全部内容。
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What I just spent many lectures discussing is the fact that we can not know how far away an electron is from the nucleus, so we can't actually know the radius of a certain atom.
我花了这么多课时所讨论的正是我们,不可能知道电子离原子核有多远这一事实，因此我们不可能知道某个原子的半径。
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So, basically any time we have a really high positive number of electron affinity, it means that that atom or ion really wants to gain another electron, and it will be very stable and happy if it does so.
因此，基本上无论什么时候,只要我们有一个很大的正的电子亲和能，这就意味着这个原子,或离子非常希望得到一个电子，如果它得到了，会变得更稳定更开心。
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So in our first structure, we would find for the nitrogen we have a formal charge 5 minus 4 minus 2, because we're starting with 5 valence electrons, so that is a formal charge of minus 1.
那么在我们的第一个结构中，我们发现氮的形式电荷量是五减去四4,再减去二，因为我们开始有五个价电子，因此它的形式电荷量是负一。
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So we really have here two different objections to utilitarianism.
因此我们确实对功利主义有两点异议。
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If we go to the oxygen atom, now we're talking about starting with 6 in terms of valence electrons again, but instead of 2, you can see we have 6 lone pair electrons around the oxygen minus 1/2 of 2, so we have minus 1 is our formal charge.
如果我们分析氧原子的话，现在我们讨论的还是,从六个价电子开始，但孤对电子不再是两个了，你会看到氧周围,有六个孤对电子，再减去二的一半，因此我们有一个负的形式电荷。
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