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Freedom was threatened in early modern times by the emergence of monarchies that might have been able to crush it.
自由权利在近现代初期曾因为,君主制的兴起,而处于被毁灭的边缘
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because our classes are in such a way where we get to pick what classes we take.
因为我们能自由选择我们想上的课。
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I can't dispose of my life or my liberty or my property in a way that violates my rights.
我不能放弃自己的生命或自由或财产,因为某种程度上说，这侵犯了我的权利。
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Now if he was too stupid to have it, then of course he would have been liberated into the realm of action.
如果他因为太愚昧而不能有这种幻想，那么当然他能自由行动。
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Freedom was a kind of an accident that came about because the usual ways of doing things were not possible.
自由的产生和发展是非常偶然的,因为照正常发展是不可能出现的
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And so the energy is zero because the electron is no longer bound. It is free.
所以这个系统能量为0，因为,电子不再受束缚了，它自由了。
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This is also important though for Roman politics, because if you're if a freedman, - or even if you're a free person-- sometimes see freemen would connect themselves to a powerful Roman who was higher status than them, because they could use him for important things.
同时对罗马政治也很重要，因为即使是自由人，甚至是自由民-,有时候也会依附有权有势,地位高于他们的罗马人，以谋求他们的帮助。
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That's Spinoza on Machiavelli, because "he was favorable to liberty" and that the book, he says, is kind of a satire on princely rule.
那就是斯宾诺莎对马基雅维利的理解，因为,他推崇自由，而关于《君主论》，他说道，某种程度上是对君主统治的讽刺。
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Because the notion of free will was that even if I was in the very same spot again, the very same situation again, I could've chosen differently.
因为自由意志的内涵就是,即使我再次处在相同的地点,相同的情况下,我也可能做出不同的选择
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It can't exist as a force that conceives a human individual from the outside without that individual's consent because we all freely sin. No one can be compelled to do anything within the Miltonic theology of free will.
不存在那种不经人类同意就从外界,构造人类个体的力量,因为我们都自由地带着原罪，在弥尔顿自由意志的学说下,没有人被强迫做任何事。
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The SEC was very controversial at first because it was seen as interfering with business and the U.S. Has been built on principles of individual freedom; this seemed like unnecessary government intrusion.
起初,证券交易委员会引起了许多争议,因为人们认为它会干扰商业运作,个人自由是美国的立国之本,政府的干预似乎并非必要
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Since they are sentient, free creatures, they should have a right to do whatever they want unless there is a compelling argument against it and a compelling argument would have to involve some infringement of the freedom of other people.
因为他们都是有知觉的自由个体，他们有权做他们想做的事,除非有非常强烈的理由反对他们这么做,而这种强烈的理由是指,这种行为会侵害另一个人的自由。
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And I worked with that account book, because one of the two slaves I write about in this new book called A Slave No More I publish their two narratives was indeed a young 14-year-old teenager, sold out of North Carolina--from Snow Hill, North Carolina, he was sold in 1860 to Hector Davis in Richmond.
我研究过这本账簿,因为我在这本新著《从奴隶到自由》中,引用了两名奴隶的自述,当时他们年仅十四岁,其中一个从北卡罗来纳州,从北卡罗来纳的斯诺希尔被卖掉,在1860年被卖给了,里士满的赫克托·戴维斯
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Because I'm self-employed, I can kind of do it when I want.
因为我是自由职业者，我可以想工作的时候才工作。
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And there's a huge campaign against the Liberals,because of that.
也因为这件事情,兴起了大量反自由主义者的运动
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I think that as organizations grow, a lot of the issues and structure that's put in place is put there because a comfort level breaks down and people communicating freely in a way that they can when they're friends.
随着企业规模的扩大，会产生许多问题,需要某种组织结构,因为那种缓和的关系被打破,人们可以自由交谈,就像好友一般。
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But as far as the freedom, I love it.
但是因为很自由，我很喜欢这样。
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You have a freewill offering--just because someone wants to do this, a freewill offering. And you have a vow offering that would be offered on the successful completion of a vow, for example. And these sacrifices are all entirely optional.
自由祭品--只因为有人想这么干，自由祭品，还有一个誓言祭品,举个例子，一个誓言如果成功达成，便会供奉祭品，这些祭品都是可选择的。
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So one answer to the question is why can't I give up my natural rights to life, liberty, and property is well, they're not, strictly speaking, yours.
第一个答案解释了为什么我们不能放弃,我们的生命，自由和财产权利，因为严格来说，它们不是自己的。
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It was an attribute of the regime of which one was a member.
因为自由意味着整个社会的自由,个体作为其中一员不能单独享有。
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It's absolutely constitutive of the ideal of freedom, of our freedom; because if we don't try everything, if we don't give ourselves an opportunity to decide for ourselves, then, of course, someone will invariably be making those decisions for us.
它也构成了自由的理念，我们的自由;,因为如果我们不是尝试过所有东西，如果我们不给自己做决定的机会，当然，总是有人会帮我们做决定。
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God's forbidding of the fruit removes from Adam and Eve any capacity for choosing and deciding, and you can see Milton worrying in Areopagitica about the uneasy relationship of his own argument to this central text in divine scripture.
上帝对果实的禁止抽离了亚当和夏娃选择和决定的,能力，你会看到弥尔顿在《论出版自由》中的焦急,因为这不安的关系,他的论证和虔诚的圣典中的中心段落。
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So even if determinism were true of us, that wouldn't rule out our having free will, because you can-- appearances to the contrary notwithstanding-- have both determinism and free will.
所以即使我们真的服从于决定论,那也不能排除我们有自由意志的可能,因为你能,尽管表面看来并非如此,同时遵从决定论和拥有自由意志
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The Athenians and the Romans," he says, "were free, that is they were free commonwealths, not that any particular man had the liberty to resist his own representative but that his representative had the liberty to resist or invade other people."
霍布斯说，希腊人和罗马人都是自由的，因为他们身在自由的共和国里，他们单独的个体,是没有自由反抗他所选的代表的,但他所选的代表,却有抵抗或是入侵他人的自由“
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Spinoza taking him, taking his book to be a warning to the people about the dangers of princely rule, Rousseau believing that he had deliberately disguised his love of freedom because he had to appeal to the tyrannical nature of the Medici family.
斯宾诺莎把他看作，把他的书看作是,告诫人们提防君主统治危险性的警告，卢梭认为他是故意,伪装他对自由的热爱的，因为他不得不,投合具有暴君本性的美第奇家族的口味。
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This, in many ways arguably, makes him the founding father or maybe we should say godfather of modern liberalism, the importance given to rights over duties, of the individual over in many ways the collective or common good.
正是这个稍带争议的观点,使他成了现代自由主义的奠基人,甚至可以说是创始人,因为个人权力优先于义务就意味着,个人利益将优先于集体利益。
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again carefully because I'm free to take anything from Key Terms and Key Concepts from the chapters that were assigned for this part of the course.
法博齐等人的作品，因为我将会从,本门课指定的章节中自由地引用,重要的术语和概念。
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It's a violation of people's liberty for the government to force everyone whether they want to or not to put aside some earnings today for the sake of their retirement.
这侵犯了人们的自由,因为政府强迫所有人，不管愿不愿意,都得储蓄一部分当前收入，留到退休时用。
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No machine could do this because our capacity for language is unbounded and free.
机器并不具备语言能力,因为我们的语言能力,是不受控制的,是自由的
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But the complaint then, or the objection to the physicalist, takes the form that we couldn't be a merely physical entity because no merely physical entity could have free will.
但人们对此的诟病,或物理主义的反驳者认为,人不可能仅仅是一个物理实体,因为物理实体不可能有自由意志
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