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So I'll tend to talk about "the Roman household," because that's what's more meaningful sociologically when we talk about this.
所以我倾向于用“罗马家户“,因为这样说，我们讨论这一问题时,更有社会学意义。
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We don't say anything about implicitly here, we're talking about a closed system, so there's no mass leaving the system.
我们不讨论,这是隐含条件，因为我们讨论的是孤立系统，因此系统没有物质流失。
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You can put a variable there, and because it's not encapsulated in curly braces, as we just discussed, that essentially means it's accessible everywhere in that file.
你可以加入一个变量，因为它不是封装在花括号里，就像我们刚才讨论的，本质的意思是它可以在文件的所有地方,都可以被访问到。
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So, what we can do instead of talking about the ionization energy, z because that's one of our known quantities, so that we can find z effective.
我们做的事可以代替讨论电离能,因为那是我们知道的量子数之一，那是我们可以解出有效的，如果我们重新排列这个方程。
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He does a great deal else in it, but I'm isolating this strand, which is what's relevant to what we're talking about.
他在书里还讲了很多别的东西，但我要把这点单拎出来，因为只有这一点和我们要讨论的相关。
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As we see a little bit later, I could talk about the carbon-hydrogen bond in methane where there is a plurality of bonds. In this case, there is only the one bond but I just want to get the formulas.
因为我们后来看到一点点，我能讨论甲烷中的碳氢共价键,那有许多共价键，这种情况下，这只有一条共价键,但我想得到氟。
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Jumping ahead, let me make a remark about this, because this is going to be relevant for something I'll get to in a couple of minutes.
跳转一下话题,我先来对此做一番评论,因为这和我们几分钟后,将要讨论的东西有关
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They're automatic rules of the same sort we're going to talk about in the context of visual perception in that they're implicit and unconscious and not accessible to explicit understanding.
这些自动的规则,和我们将要讨论的视觉感知是类似的,因为它们都是内隐的,无意识的,也是无法清晰了解的
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Since we're talking about wave functions, since we're talking about the properties of waves, we don't only have constructive interference, we can also imagine a case where we would have destructive interference.
因为我们讨论的是波函数，因为我们讨论的是波的性质，我们不仅有相长干涉，我们也可以想象在,某种情况下会有相消干涉。
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So, this makes this chart shown in pink make a lot more sense, because if we're way out at very far distances, essentially what we have here is we're talking about two separate atoms.
因此综合考虑这些因素可以发现这条粉红色曲线很合理，因为如果我们离得非常远，本质上来说,我们讨论的就是两个分开的原子。
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But now it's going to make more sense because in that case we were just talking about single electron atoms, and now we're talking about a case where we actually can see shielding.
但是现在能讲得通了,因为在那个情况中我们仅仅是现在我们讨论的是,讨论单电子原子，看到屏蔽的案例,我们能看到屏蔽。
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That's why we always talk about irreversible expansion, because it's easy to write down an irreversible expansion.
这就是我们总是,讨论不可逆膨胀的原因，因为它,比较容易描述。
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px So we're talking about pi carbon 2 p x, 2px because it's the x axes combining to carbon 2 p x.
我们讨论的是π碳，因为它在x轴结合成碳。
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XYZ I might as well do it as x, y, z because we are talking about something that is going in three space.
我最好设成,因为我们在讨论,三维的事物。
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Well, this is the question raised by the skeptic about skepticism or about theory and it's one that we're going to take rather seriously, but we're going to come back to it because there are ways, it seems to me, of keeping this question at arm's length.
这是由对怀疑论或理论持怀疑态度的人提出来的问题,也是我们要认真探讨的，但是我们还会回来继续讨论，因为对我而言，我们需要和这个问题保持一定距离。
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So, if we start instead with talking about the energy levels, we can relate these to frequency, because we already said that frequency is related to, or it's equal to the initial energy level here minus the final energy level there over Planck's constant to get us to frequency.
如果我们从讨论能级开始，我们可以联系到频率上,因为我们说过频率和能量相关,或者说等于初始能量,减去末态能量除以普朗克常数。
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And so, I'm not going to spend any time on this because we've discussed it in detail, but we know from previous lectures that people will be generous to others.
这一点我就不费时详解了,因为我们之前已经详细讨论过，我们从之前的课堂上学到,人会对他人慷慨。
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So that's going to be the end of the exam 1 material, and then we'll move on to exam 2 material, which is kind of exciting, because we've been talking about just individual atoms and ions up to this point, and now we can talk about molecules, so we're going to start talking about bonding.
到此为止就是第一次考试的内容，接下来我们会开始讲第二次考试的内容，这些内容令人有点兴奋，因为我们一直都只是在讨论单个的原子,和离子到目前为止，而现在我们可以讨论分子了，要开始讨论成键的问题了。
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And we turned to a discussion of the unpredictability of death, -- the fact that because we don't know-- we can't predict--how much more time we've got, we may, as it were, pace ourselves incorrectly.
我们转而讨论死亡的不可预测性，因为我们不知道-,我们不能预测--我们还有多少时间，我们可能，可以说是，为自己定错了前进的速度。
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In valence bond theory, the focus is on discussing the bonds, but it should look very familiar to you, because there's two types of bonds that we want to discuss here.
在价电子成键理论中，所关注的是讨论成键，但这对于你们来说应该很熟悉，因为这是我们要讨论的两种键。
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We know how to write that in terms of the state numbers, 1 0 0 so it would be 1, 0, 0, because we're talking about the ground state.
我们知道如何去,写出态数字，它是，因为我们在讨论基态,我们总是讨论基态除非。
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So that doesn't make a difference for us when we're talking about neutral atoms, 4s because we would fill up the 4 s first, because that's lower in energy until we fill it, and then we just keep going with the d orbitals.
所以那对我们来说没什么不同,所以当我们讨论中性原子时，因为我们会首先填充，因为在我们填充它之前它的能量都较低，然后我们继续填充d轨道。
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And seeing that it's a 4 p has two nodes - let's just write this out since not everyone did get it correct.
因为有些同学没答对,我们还是写一下,如果我们讨论的是4p轨道。
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But instead in this chemistry course, I will just tell you the solutions to differential equations. And what we can do is we can start with some initial value of r, and here I write r being ten angstroms. That's a good approximation when we're talking about atoms because that's about the size of and atom.
但在这个课里，我会直接，告诉你们微分方程的解,我们可以给距离r一个初始值,我这里把r取10埃,当我们讨论原子时,这是一个很好的近似,因为原子的尺寸。
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