If it was directly transcribed there'd be regions that are important for making insulin and regions that are not.

如果直接转录的话,那被转录的序列中就会既包括了,和生成胰岛素有关的重要区域,也包括了与之无关的区域

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Where your cells experience those states is through these extra cellular ligands called insulin and glucagon.

细胞所经历的这些状态改变是受,胰岛素和胰高血糖素这些外源配体影响

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The idea here is that when foods get ingested in the body, they create different responses from each other depending on how they affect insulin and blood sugar, blood sugar especially.

这个观点是,当食物被身体吸收时,它们产生各自不同反应取决于,它们如何影响胰岛素和血糖,特别是血糖

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

We've identified many drugs that stimulate insulin receptors, for example, but they're not exactly insulin, and those can potentially be used as agonist type drugs.

我们已经设计了很多,能够激活胰岛素受体的药物,但它们都不是和胰岛素分毫不差的,但都可以用作激动剂类药物

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now there are two types of diabetes, as you may know, there's Type I Diabetes which is a genetic abnormality that usually shows up in childhood or adolescents where people are dependent on insulin.

你们可能知道,糖尿病有两种类型,Ⅰ型糖尿病是由基因异常引起的,在儿童和青少年中较为多见,患这种病需要长期依赖胰岛素

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Now the two things to notice about this are the high spike that you have out here which occurs very rapidly and then the rapid decline in blood sugar, and insulin is involved in this whole reaction.

有两个需要注意的事情是,你们在这看到的急剧变化的曲线代表着,迅速上升和迅速下降的血糖,另外胰岛素也随之发生变化

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Now when you want to maintain good health, high peaks, high spikes in blood glucose and the insulin response that provokes is not a very good thing, and so the red line is a far healthier way to be than the yellow line is.

如果你想保持健康,血糖和胰岛素都出现高峰值,这对健康来说可不是好事,红线要比黄线更健康

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选