You're taking advantage of a promoter system, or a gene activation system, that this species knows about because adult animals can make milk.

我们之所以能利用这个启动子系统,或者称之为可以被这一物种识别的,基因活化系统,是因为成年动物可以泌乳

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you put the electrode in just the right place, then when the electrode gets turned on, it stimulates the pleasure center in the rat's brain and it gets a little burst of pleasure, a pretty intense burst of pleasure.

只要把电极放对地方，然后启动电极，刺激老鼠大脑的快乐中枢,老鼠感受到一股快感，一股很强烈的快感。

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The promoter in this case is called the lac promoter and normally in micro-organisms that lac promoter is used to produce a gene called lacZ which makes a protein called beta-galactosidase.

在这个例子中的启动子称作lac启动子,通常在微生物中,lac启动子是用来生成,一段叫lacZ的基因,这段基因,能制造一种蛋白叫β-半乳糖苷酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case the promoter, which is a sequence of DNA that is positioned right in front of the gene of interest, the promoter is the betagalactoglobulin promoter in this case, and betagalactoglobulin is a milk protein.

这里涉及到的启动子,也是一段DNA序列,它必须刚好位于目的基因序列前端,我们用到的是β-乳球蛋白启动子,β-乳球蛋白是乳汁中的一种蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选