That's Spinoza on Machiavelli, because "he was favorable to liberty" and that the book, he says, is kind of a satire on princely rule.

那就是斯宾诺莎对马基雅维利的理解，因为,他推崇自由，而关于《君主论》，他说道，某种程度上是对君主统治的讽刺。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

So, they make their personal or dynastic rule absolute based on loyalty to them as individuals and not to the state as some sort of abstraction.

所以,君主将个人或者王朝的绝对统治,建立在［民众］对其统治家族的忠诚,而非国家这样的抽象概念上

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Strong enough to interfere with the ambitions of emperors and kings, it never was able to impose its own domination, though some of the Popes surely tried.

也无法与君主帝王的,雄心壮志相抗衡,宗教是无法统治一个国家的,一些教皇的努力也以失败告终

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Consider the following passage that he writes: "As to rebellion against monarchy, one of the most frequent causes is the reading of the books of policy and history of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

他曾写道：,反抗君主统治的叛乱，最主要的原因是,古希腊，罗马关于政治和历史的书籍,在民间的传播。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

But there's a theoretical framework, and it will catch up with the French monarchs, among others, later-- that the ruler must be a father, a benevolent figure.

不过,有一种理论框架,使法国的君主终自食恶果,这种理论认为统治者必是父亲一样善良的人

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Spinoza taking him, taking his book to be a warning to the people about the dangers of princely rule, Rousseau believing that he had deliberately disguised his love of freedom because he had to appeal to the tyrannical nature of the Medici family.

斯宾诺莎把他看作，把他的书看作是,告诫人们提防君主统治危险性的警告，卢梭认为他是故意,伪装他对自由的热爱的，因为他不得不,投合具有暴君本性的美第奇家族的口味。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

When they're through and had reached their peak, their notion of monarchy is something fit for barbarians, but not for Greeks. A free man may not live under a monarchy, and the roots of that, I think, are visible in Homer.

当他们赢得竞争,到达权利的顶峰时,他们所谓的君主制其实更适合于异邦人,而不是希腊人,君主统治下不存在自由人,这个想法的根源可以在《荷马史诗》中找到

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选