And, so, you have the kings there; and the whole process of absolutism, which you don't have to know about.

因此,存在君主,就存在一系列的专制主义论调,这里就不细说了

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Was he a defender of royalism ? and the power of the king, ? or was he a defender or an opponent of royalism?

他是君主主义,是君主力量的捍卫者吗，或者他是反对君主力量的捍卫者吗？

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

But,the history of Royalism is not--it goes beyond that, and there was a strong Royalist movement, as I've already suggested, and it wasn't just people looking backwards.

但是君主主义者们克服了这点,发起了一场强有力的保皇主义运动,就如我之前表示的,这不仅仅是人们在追溯过去

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

So, you have these diets and you have these parliaments, but one of the characteristics of absolute rule is that you don't have to call these bodies because the king is the big person.

所以,虽然设有国会,议会,绝对主义国家的特点之一,就是君主不必召开这些代议机构,因为他一人说了算

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

This is sometimes known as the doctrine of legal positivism, which is to say that law is the command of the sovereign, a sort of command theory of law.

这就是人们所熟知的,法律实证主义学说,也即，法律即为君主的命令，这是法律的一种君权命令说。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

And, Hobbes tell us he would banish all doctrines that profess to make the individual or the sect, more importantly in some ways the sect, the judge of the sovereign.

霍布斯说，他将谴责那些,主张个人主义或教派主义的学说，以及那些对君主提出批判，的教派势力。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Although Hobbes is widely taken to be a defender of monarchical absolutism, you will note, in your readings, that he displays a kind of studied neutrality over actually what form the sovereign should take.

尽管霍布斯被广泛地认为是,君主专制主义的维护者，但在阅读中你们会发现，他对国家应当采用何种政体,是保持中立姿态的。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

There's a strong tradition in Nime, one of my favorite places,of popular Royalism, and also of course in Brittany -- I keep giving Breton examples, I'll pick other ones.

尼姆当地有很强的君主主义信仰,它是我很喜欢的一个地方,当然还有在布列尼塔,我一直拿布里多尼举例子,等会儿换一个

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

But, in February of 1871 there are elections and the provinces, particularly the conservative, western provinces like Brittany return this extremely monarchist dominated National Assembly that is going to determine the future of France.

在一八七一年二月,举行了一系列选举,并且那些守旧城市,像西部城市布列塔尼,那里的国民大会,又重新被极端君主专制主义者们掌握,而这将决定法国的未来

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

And which, in the case of England, the civil war was largely fought, to a great extent anyway, trying to prevent the English monarchy from taking on characteristics of those emerging absolute states on the continent.

其中之一是英国,［1648年的英国内战称之为 "英国资产阶级革命"］,这在很大程度上,是为了阻止英国的君主制,转变为欧洲大陆上新兴的绝对主义

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

But,anyway,so when France collapsed after the war, and when the Commune comes along,it seems to Royalists, that is,the people who wanted a restoration of the monarchy, that their ship had come in.So what's going to happen?

回到正题,当法国在战后崩溃,公社出现,对君主主义者来说,这些人希望君主制的复辟,他们的机会来了,将会发生什么呢

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

So,and also because of the close association of the monarchy, and particularly the Legitimists, they're called Legitimists, the Bourbons with the church-- you've got fertile ground in areas that were still practicing religion, and we'll talk more about that another time.

由于波旁家族和君主主义者的密切关系,尤其是正统主义者,他们被成为正统主义者,他们在教会中,在教会地区有很多肥沃的田地,以后我们会详细谈到

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

But the period of absolute rule really begins in the mid-seventeenth century, and is to be found in those states that had specific kinds of social structures.

但是绝对主义实际上起源于十七世纪中叶,［absolutism普遍的翻译为绝对主义或者绝对君主制］ 而且只出现在那些有着特定社会结构的国家里

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选