Then, after you define what your system is, whatever is left over of the universe is the surroundings.

当你定义了你的系统后，宇宙的其余部分,就是环境。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And it's in these years after his graduation from college that Milton embarks upon what is essentially a systematic study of all available knowledge. He commands a mastery of just about the entire canon of Western literary and historical learning.

就是在他毕业后的这些年里,弥尔顿开始着手系统的学习,方方面面的知识，他想要精通,整个西方文学和历史经典。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

It's the way, for example, that foreign molecules or antigens get presented to cells of your immune system in order to start the process of making an immune response, so sometimes a cell/cell interaction.

通过这种方式,外源分子,或者说抗原,进入到免疫系统的细胞中后,就会开启免疫反应过程,有时候就是细胞之间的相互作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, if I was a person that was designing a vaccine and I noticed that this was the response that it got, that antibodies were produced, they reached some intermediate level, they started to fall, I would say, "Well I haven't stimulated the immune system enough, let me re-boost, let me give another dose of antigen."

现在,如果我正在研究一种疫苗,我注意到机体会对这种疫苗产生应答,也就是会产生抗体,当抗体浓度达到中等水平后,就开始下降,就可以说,疫苗对免疫系统刺激还不足,我需要提高抗原浓度,让我再把剂量再加大一倍

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选