You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.

可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。

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But you can grow it in cultured cells, and the advantages of that are that you can do this under very reproducible conditions.

而且采用细胞培养疫苗,这种方法的优点是,你可以在同样条件下进行再培养

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Or I could have a non-adiabatic, I could take the same temperature change, by taking a flame, or a heat source and heating up my substance. So, clearly q is going to depend on the path.

也能改变温度，绝热指的是没有热传递，在非绝热条件下，也同样可以升温,比如用火或者热源加热，这样，q也应当与路径有关。

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