You see, the quantum condition, by putting quantization into the moangular mentum it is propagated through the entire system. Orbit dimensions are quantized.

你们看，量子条件，通过把,角动量量子化，它就能在这个系统中进行传播,同时轨道大小也被量子化。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

There's no change in them, and then we also looked at some at non-state functions, work and heat, and saw that those aren't zero going around a cycle. Of course you can do work in a cyclic process, and heat can be exchanged with the environment at the same time.

它们不会有变化，然后我们研究了,一些非态函数，功和热量，并看到,沿着循环行进一周的话,它们并不是零，当然你可以在,一个循环过程中做功，而同时热量可以在系统,与外界环境之间进行交换。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

U It's u, because u is to q plus w right, heat and work, but it's adiabatic. So there's no heat, exchange with the environment, and it's constant volume, so there's no p dV work, right.

什么是零？是U，因为,等于q加w，热量和功，但这是绝热的，所以系统与环境间没有热量交换；,同时它是灯体的，所以也没有pdV形式的功。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选