And finally, Barry Strauss says, "Ironically, the more Homer exaggerates, the more authentic he is as a representative of the Bronze Age."

最后,巴里·施特劳斯说道,"讽刺的是,荷马越是夸大其辞,他就越真实的代表了青铜时代的史实"

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

A second kind of set of arguments, I've already referred to, are the historical ones.

第二种的论据,我已经提到过,是基于史实的

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

That really is the question we are wrestling with and, of course, behind it all is can we seek any historical information from Homer's poems at all?

这确实是一个很棘手的问题,不管怎样,我们是否能从荷马史诗中,得出当时的史实呢

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Aristotle famously was a tutor of Alexander the Great. Machiavelli spent a large part of his career in the foreign service of his native Florence and wrote as an advisor to the Medici.

亚里士多德有指导亚历山大大帝的著名史实；,马奇亚维利职涯中,长期服务于佛罗伦萨,原乡的外交部门,而且是梅迪西家族的顾问；

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

One of the things that's very true about Moscow, right into the twentieth century, is that you had all sorts of peasants living on the edge of Moscow living in these wooden houses.

有一件关于莫斯科的史实,直到二十世纪,在莫斯科的郊外,还有许多农民住在这样的小木屋里

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And once we rid ourselves of the burden of historicity, we're free to appreciate the stories for what they are: powerful, powerful narratives that must be read against the literary conventions of their time, and whose truths are social, political, moral and existential.

曾经我们将自己从史实性的负担中解放出来，我们,以故事原本的样子自由地欣赏它们：强大的，强大的叙事,必须能冲破那个时代的文学惯例和社会、政治、,道德及实存的真实而被解读。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So what we think we know derives chiefly from archeological evidence, which is before writing--mute evidence that has to be interpreted and is very complicated, and is far from secure.

我们目前所认为的史实,主要都是从考古证据中所得,这些无声的证据出现于文字记录之前,因此就需要繁复的考证及解读,这些考证未必可靠

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So that what we have before us, is that kind of product and that will explain both the similarities and the differences, and that is what underlies our interpretation of how the poems got to be what they were.

所以,这些就早先吟诵者的产物,它解释了史诗和史实的相似和差异,并构成了我们演绎,《荷马史诗》产生过程的基础

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Because the Mycenaean centers all reveal for that stretch of time that they're scared. The proof of it comes from strengthening their already quite strong walls in almost all the sites that we see, and also--this is a very important fact.

因为在迈锡尼文明的中心,有迹象表明在一段时期,他们受到了威胁,这样说的证据是,我们发现的几乎所有的遗迹,都在本就很坚固的城墙上继续加固,而且,这是一个很重要的史实

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

And then A.M. Snodgrass says, "I offer this as a further argument against the existence of a historical, Homeric society."

·M ·斯诺德格拉斯又说道,"我质疑荷马社会,在史实上存在的真实性"

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选