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So one case to think about is what if the other firm, you're Coke, what if Pepsi is pricing below cost?
一种情况是如果另一家公司,假如说你是可口可乐,如果百事可乐定价低于成本怎么办
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Okay, coke got the most votes here which is interesting, and in fact Coca-Cola is an international giant of a company.
好,可口可乐得票最多,有意思,事实上,可口可乐是一家大型跨国公司
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If Coke is the low price it sells this amount and its profits are basically given by this equation.
如果可口可乐价格低那它就销售这个销量,利润基本上就是由这个公式决定
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This was eventually taken out, and actually just for your interest, there was no overlap between the time when cocaine was in Coca Cola and lithium was in 7-Up, so there was a few years difference between those two times, but it's amazing to think about what does go into processed foods.
锂最终被去掉了，如果你感兴趣的话，可口可乐中含有可卡因,与七喜中含锂的时代,并没有交集，它们之间还差了几年，但是想一想加工食品里,会加入什么东西还是很令人吃惊的。
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We're just producing Coca-Cola and Pepsi and for want of a better world, spewing it out into the market.
我们只是生产可口可乐和百事可乐,只是投入市场造福百姓而已
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So Patrick, our manager of Pepsi believes that Coca-Cola is going to produce this quantity and he's agreed to produce this quantity.
百事的经理帕特里克认为可口可乐,会按照协议产量来生产,他也会这么做
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Now be honest, how many of you in a blind taste test can taste the difference between ordinary Coke and ordinary Pepsi?
老老实实,你们谁能在不知道的情况下尝出,可口可乐和百事可乐的不同
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They make it like that, but instead of water or whatever, they put Coca-Cola into it?
他们像往常一样和面团,只不过用可口可乐取代了水
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Let me take an example that I understand better than I understand Coke and Pepsi.
让我举一个,我比可口可乐和百事可乐了解更多的例子
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There's also a part of the payoffs that's analogous to forcing me to drink Bud Light or forcing the forcing the Pepsi drinkers to drink Coca-Cola.
还有一部分类似于,强迫我喝百威淡啤酒或者,强迫喜欢喝百事的人去喝可口可乐
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The only rider on that being, if they're producing Coca-Cola and you have any kind of concern for your teeth, maybe you shouldn't produce so much anyway.
如果可口可乐是唯一的生产者,并且你狠关心牙齿健康的话,或许你就不应该生产这么多产品了
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We see what the environment has become and here you see something where there's deep fried Twinkies, deep fried candy bars, deep fried onions, and deep fried Coca-Cola.
我们看到饮食环境变成了什么样,你能看到各种油炸食品,油炸夹馅面包,油炸糖果条,油炸洋葱,以及油炸可口可乐
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Suppose the other guy didn't exist, Suppose Pepsi didn't exist, so Coke has the whole market, then we would solve out this problem.
假设对手不存在,假设百事可乐不存在,那么可口可乐占领整个市场,然后我们就可以解决这个问题
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in whatever it is you guys imagine makes Coke and Pepsi different, it could be that thing.
你们所认为的可口可乐和百事可乐的不同,它可以是那个不同
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Now, Mr. Coca-Cola guy knows Patrick pretty well, they've been in the same industry for a while and Mr. Coca-Cola guy, whose name is?
可口可乐的人很了解帕特里克,他们做同行有段时间了,可口可乐的经理叫什么来着
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So Coca-Cola and Poland Spring could just agree to produce half the quantity of water each.
假如可口可乐和波兰泉达成默契了,同意各产垄断产量的一半
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It's going to be /2 in the case where Coke and Pepsi cost exactly the same.
当可口可乐和百事可乐的价格一样时,销量将是/2
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Okay, so Patrick's producing here but what about Mr. Coca-Cola guy?
帕特里克是这么制定产量的,那可口可乐会怎么做呢
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So these are Coke and Pepsi, that will confuse me less.
那就可口可乐和百事可乐吧,这会更容易理解
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If Pepsi is the low price then Coke sells nothing.
如果百事的价格低则可口可乐就卖不出去
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So this is the total quantity of Coke plus Pepsi.
也就是可口可乐和百事可乐的总产量
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Unilever is one, and then the final one is Coca-Cola.
联合利华,最后一个是可口可乐
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How many would have a strict preference for Coke?
谁会倾向选择可口可乐
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They're two water companies, so they're Poland Spring and Coca-Cola I guess these days, sign this agreement saying that each one's going to produce half monopoly quantity and what's going to go wrong with that agreement?
有两家瓶装水公司,比如说波兰泉和可口可乐,他们签署了协议规定,每家都只生产垄断产量的一半,这个协议有什么问题吗
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when I talked on the first day of class about my own boyhood experience when a Coca-Cola was an eight ounce glass or a Pepsi was an eight ounce bottle rather, that was a serving.
上课第一天,我讲了我少年时代的经历,那时可口可乐装在八盎司的玻璃瓶里,百事可乐也一样,那是一餐份量
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How many would say Coca-Cola?
有多少人认为是可口可乐
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When I was a boy the eight ounce Coke was the default serving, and when I was a child when it was time to have a Coke or a Pepsi you had eight ounces and the event was over.
当我还是个小男孩的时候,可口可乐,或是百事可乐都是八盎司装的,而且最多就只能喝一瓶
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So if Pepsi is the low price drink in the market then no Coke is sold at all.
如果在市场上百事可乐的价格较低,可口可乐就卖不出去
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We're Coca-Cola and Pepsi, so we really don't want to have to bring the mafia in, Although maybe we do, I don't know.
我们是可口可乐和百事可乐公司,我们都不想将黑手党卷进来,可能也希望他们介入吧,谁知道呢
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So the products we mentioned last time were Coke and Pepsi, but you could think of other products that are pretty much identical.
上次举例的产品是可口可乐和百事可乐,但你们可以把它想象成其他,同样的产品
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