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What place can it occupy in each type of discourse, what functions can it assume, and by obeying what rules?"
它可以在每种话语中占据什么样的位置，它在遵循什么原则的情况下可以有什么样的功能？“
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You can use it to show that you have or do not have, posses or do not possess, something tangible or intangible.
你可以用它来表示你有或者没有的东西，不管是这些东西是有形还是无形，都可以通用。
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We have the capacity to think morally, we have the capacity to act morally, and to be altruistic or benevolent.
我们能够以道德的方式思考，我们也能够做有道德的事，我们可以无私奉献，可以乐善好施。
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OK, great. So, most of you recognize that there are four different possibilities of there's four different electrons that can have those two quantum numbers.
Ｋ，大部分都认为,有４个不同的可能,有四个不同的电子可以有,这两个量子数。
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An aesthetic object can be purposeful; that is to say we can view it as purposeful.
美的事物也可以有“目的性“,就是说我们可以带着“目的性“看待它。
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We can start having complex expressions, you can imagine we can have things are lots of parens, and all sorts of things in it. Yes, question.
我们可以开始写复杂点的表达式了，你可以想象,我们有一个很多括号的表达式，里面有各种各样的东西，什么问题。
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If you quantify how much they relate, then you could look at the correlation.
如果你可以量化二者有多相关,那你就可以考察相关性了
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scratch Scratch is a program that you can download for free cs50 net and you will see in problem set 0 0 which will be posted on CS50.nettonight under problem sets in both standard and hacker editions, can you do the--can you--it will walk you through the process of getting this software.
你可以免费下载,今天晚上我会在0,放上习套题,这个习题集有两个版本，习题集可以指导你,如何下载这个软件。
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People are bodies that can think, that can communicate, that are rational, that can plan, that can feel things, that can be creative, and so forth and so on.
人是可以思考,可以互相交流的肉体,他有理性,可以规划,可以感知,有创新等各种能力
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So use whatever you can get out of me for the rest of way don't be deterred don't be flawed " because "Oh, he's produced so much", no I'm such an old man,too.
可以使用任何你们可以从我这里得到的东西,在剩下的道路中，不要受阻，不要觉得有缺陷,不要想着“哦，他有这么多成果,我也只是个老头。
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But also, there is this sense of imagination, and you get that in the dreaming waters; you get that in the sense of travel or the image of the road that you can see in the green and red vegetables stretching away in their rows to the bright horizon.
但其中也有想象，从“如梦如幻的河水“你可以感受到;,从旅行的感觉或路的形象可以看到,从“一排排红的绿的蔬菜,在阳光下延伸得又直又长直到闪耀的地平线上“,可以看到。
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If you have a brain, and a body, and a metabolism that wants calories, it wants fat, it wants sugar, it wants a broad variety of food so you can survive, that would be good if you lived in certain parts of the world today.
如果你有大脑,有身体,有新陈代谢,这些都需要能量,就需要脂肪,需要糖,需要极其多样食物,你才能活下来,世界上只有部分地区可以保证这些
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We talked about two weeks ago, that if you had a population of cells, you could grow those population of cells and you could make, if they adapted the culture properly, you could make an infinite number of cells from one starting solution.
两周前我们讲到,如果你有一群细胞,你可以使细胞数量增长,如果培养得当,你可以,从开始的营养液中制造出无限数量的细胞
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And what this is, is that if you want to take the section in French, you should have about an equivalent of 130, and the discussion's in French and a couple of the books-- I'll talk about them in a minute-- you can read in French, the others you read in English.
这个就是说,你要是想用法语授课,你的法语得有130分左右的水平,课堂讨论是用法语还有一些书,我马上要说到那些书 你可以看法语版的,其他人可以看英语版的
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So what that means is that we're limited in any atom to having two electrons per orbital, right, because for any orbital we can either have a spin up electron, a spin down electron, or both.
这意味着在一个原子内,每个轨道上可以有两个电子，对吧，因为对任何轨道,我们可以有自旋向上或者自选向下或者两者都有。
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And the reason that they're the least sheilded is because they can get closest to the nucleus, so we can think of them as not getting blocked by a bunch of other electron, because there's some probability that they can actually work their way all the way in to the nucleus.
它们最不容易被屏蔽的原因,是因为他们可以更加接近原子，所以我们可以认为它们,最不容易被其它原子阻挡住，因为它们有一定的概率,离原子核非常近。
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So the influx of ions from the outside of the cell to the inside of And you can think of ion channels as being gated, by gated it means the gate can be closed and no ions are going through, as in this case here.
下面以离子从细胞外部流入内部,你可以把离子通道想象成是有闸门的，也就是说闸门可以关上,这时没有离子能通过，就像这种情况。
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The reason that we can talk about this is remember that we're talking about wave functions, we're talking about waves, so we can have constructive interference in which two different orbitals can constructively interfere, we can also have destructive interference.
我们可以这么说的原因是,记住我们说的是波函数，我们说的是波函数，所以我们可以得到相长干涉,这是两个不同轨道会相长干涉，我们也有相消干涉。
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So, let's go back to the notes, and let's fill these in, seven electrons. Another way you could have known them was to look at Lewis' notes here, where if look at this box carefully you see there are seven dots around the cube, so there are his seven valence electrons.
那么，让我们回到讲义，把它们填进去，七个电子，还有另外一种方法可以知道这些,那就是看看路易斯的讲义这里，大家可以看到这个立方体周围有七个点,因此有七个价电子。
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He had a suitcase that--I don't know exactly, something like this--had a strap that you'd pull it along and it had four little wheels on the bottom and it worked.
他的行李箱。。。我知道的不太确切，应该是这样的，那上面有一条带子,你可以拉着它,而箱子底部有四个小轮子可以使箱子滑动。
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Knowing that, I'm going to say, OK, how many pigs are there, well that's just how we're, however many I had total, minus that amount, and then I can see, how many legs does that give, and then I can check, that the number of legs that I would get for that solution, is it even equal to the number of legs I started with, ah! Interesting. A return.
它将给我返回头的总数，知道了这些之后我可以说好了,有多少猪呢，无论有多少组鸡的数目，我只要用总数减去那个值,之后我就可以知道一共有多少条腿,然后再把这个值和题目中的腿数相比较，看它是否等于一开始的腿数,啊！真有趣，有一个返回值。
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So, there's a wonderful thirteenth-century commentator that says that God needed creatures who could choose to obey him, And therefore it was important for Adam and Eve to do what they did And to learn that they had the choice not to obey God so that their choice for God would become endowed with meaning.
十三世纪有一位著名的评论家说,上帝需要有能力选择遵从他的生物，因此，夏娃亚当做他们所做的事情很重要,并发现他们可以选择不遵从上帝,那么他们对上帝的遵从便有了意义。
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This is incredibly important because if you picture having a double bond in a very large molecule, you could have all sorts of other atoms off this way and all sorts of other atoms off this way, and you can picture the shape would be very different if you have one confirmation versus another confirmation.
这是十分重要的,因为如果你想象在一个大分子里有一个双键，你可以在这里有各种各样的其它原子,在这里也有各种各样的其它原子，你可以想象一个构型,和另外一个构型之间的形状差别是非常大的。
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Lists differ from strings in two ways; one way is that it's mutable, the other way is that the values need not be characters. They can be numbers, they can be characters, they can be strings they can even be other lists.
有两个不同之处，一个在于数组是可变的;,另一点在于数组里面的值，不一定是字符,可以是数，可以是字符,也可以是字符串,甚至可以是其他的数组。
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But, I think there will be great opportunities ahead for you and the ability for Wall Street to again securitize and buy a lot of these companies If you have capital, you'll be able to buy these bonds.
但是，我认为在你们未来的道路上将会有很多的机会,华尔街也将会有能力再次保障,或购买很多这样的公司的,如果你有资金的话，你就可以买这些债券。
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It's also very interesting to think about how the food label could change because this legislation comes up here and there and government consideration, and so if you guys have thoughts that you'd like to write about on one of your concept sheets about what could done to the food label to make it more effective, and more accessible to people, then feel free to write about that. Yes?
考虑一下食品标签可以如何改进,也是很有意思的,因为立法和政府考虑无处不在,如果大家有任何想法的话,可以在你们的观点报告里写一篇文章,关于如何改进食品标签,使其更有效,并且更通俗易懂,大家可以自由发挥,请讲
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And the other thing you can do is take self reports like the ones you're doing, hopefully do enough of them, and a random enough sample of the population, that you can extrapolate from that sample to the whole population, and try to estimate what people are eating in that way.
还有其他可以做的,比如大家正在做的这种个体调查,希望能把它做的充分些,如果有充足的随机样本,就可以从样本推断出,整个总体,从而推断哪类人有这样的饮食习惯
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Or maybe I could donate bone marrow and those stem cells could be given to other people in the same way that blood can be given to other people by matching and making sure that immunologically my cells were compatible with you; there's a lot of interest in that.
或者我可以捐献骨髓,而那些干细胞,可以使用和输血同样的方法,通过配型来确认我的免疫细胞和你的匹配,从而把我的干细胞,输入给你,这里面有很多有趣的东西
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And again, we could spend a lot of class time saying, well riboflavin does this for the body and that for the body, but my guess is most of you wouldn't find that so interesting and for those of you who would, the information on it is available elsewhere as I said.
我们可以花很多课堂时间来说,核黄素对机体有这样那样的功用,不过我猜你会感到很无趣的,而对此感兴趣的同学,我说过你也可以从其他途径获得这些信息
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