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So, doing those probability density dot graphs, we can get an idea of the shape of those orbitals, we know that they're spherically symmetrical.
概率密度点图上,我们可以对这些轨道的形状，有个大概了解,我们知道它们是球，对称的,我们今天不讲。
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You see that in the top picture. And within those precincts, within that enclosure, there's a large, open courtyard.
你们可以在顶上的图中看到，在界域里面，它的内部，有一片巨大空旷的庭院。
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So, just looking at putting in the electrons, filling up the energy diagram here, we should be able to see a little bit why this is happening.
那么，仅仅通过观察这些电子的位置，在能级图上如何填充，我们应该就可以看出一点端倪。
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I showed you this in this picture here and those levels of control can be at the level of transcription.
我把这些都给你们显示在这张图上,调控可以在转录的水平下进行
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If I had taken as my interpolation scheme, my white curve here, I could go to infinity and have the equivalent of absolute zero being at infinity, minus infinity.
要注意，如果我们采用，像图中白线这样的插值方案的话,我就可以一直降温下去,相应的绝对零度点。
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I would say with the aid of an energy level diagram explain the fact that helium is found as atomic gas and not molecular. How about this one?
我要说的是，在能级图的帮助下,可以解释氦气是单原子气体,而不是分子气体这一事实,那么这个呢？
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So in fact we can block this out and see what it does.
实际上我们可以画个简略图,来看看这是怎么实现的。
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If you think back to the previous graph that I showed you about race, you can see how there will be an interaction of race and gender.
回想一下上一幅图,种族与代谢综合征的关系图,我们就可以将种族与性别结合考虑
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At any point on the graph you can take the derivative, which will be tangent to the curve at each point, and its numerical value will be what you can call the instantaneous velocity of that point and you can take the derivative over the derivative and call it the acceleration.
在图上的任意一点,你可以进行求导,得到曲线上每一点的切线斜率,所得到的数值,即为该点处的瞬时速度,然后你再求一次导,得出它的加速度
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Another thing to point out in these two graphs is that we do have nodes, and we figured out last time, we calculated how many nodes we should have in a 2 s orbital.
另外这两张图上要指出的是,我们可以看到节点，上次我们知道，我们算了２ｓ轨道有多少个节点。
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So, what I'm showing in this picture here is just an electron cloud that you can see.
你们可以看到我现在展示的这张图是,一个电子云。
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We could say an energy level diagram 0 This would be energy. Here is zero.
我们可以画一个能量图,这是能量，这里是。
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And the reason we can see that by looking at this graph is that we see that nitrogen when it's bonded is in an even lower well than we saw for hydrogen.
原因可以通过观察这幅图发现,我们看到氮在成键之后将处于更低的势阱中,对氢而言。
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p1 V1 OK, so in my diagram now, I have p1, V1 for my gas.
于是可以画出现在的p-V图。
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And when we're looking at the probability density graphs, it doesn't make a difference, it's okay, It has no meaning for our actual plot there, because we're squaring it, so it doesn't matter whether it's negative or positive, all that matters is the magnitude.
它的概率密度图的时候,两者没什么区别，这是可以的，它对我们画这个图，没有什么意义,因为我们是取平方，所以它的正负，无所谓，只和幅值有关，但当我们说到。
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And then the next slide shows the average reported intake of ten year olds in the United States, and you can see the pie charts don't line up very well.
而下一张幻灯显示了,美国十岁孩子的平均摄入量,你可以看到这两张饼图并不能很好地重合
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So I've put this very handy little chart on the board for you listing codes on one side. And you'll see the kinds of things that are punished you pay a certain amount of money to compensate for the death.
我在黑板上画了这个图，一边列出了,这些法典，你可以看到一些被处以,你可以付一定数额的钱作为对死者的赔偿。
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We talked about modern imaging methods and this is an example of an fMRI, a functional MRI; a map of the brain that not only shows you the anatomy of the brain but shows you something about the chemistry of what's going on inside.
我们还说到现代影像技术,这里是一幅脑部功能性磁共振成像图像,一种功能性的磁共振,图中不仅可以看到脑部解剖学图像,也可以看到一些脑内的生化过程
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So I put the electron configurations and actually drew it on an energy diagram here, so we can actually think about why this might be happening.
所以我写出了它们的电子排布,并画成了能级图的形式，这样我们就可以好好想一想,这个问题发生的原因。
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We can see that if we just look at this picture here.
我们可以从这张图里就能看出来。
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So, that's sort of the mathematically how we get to a, but we can also just look at the graph here, because every time we go one wavelength we can see that we're back in a maximum.
这是就我们得到a的数学,办法，但我们可以直接,从图上看，因为每次我们,经过一个波长，都回到一个最大值。
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So you know your cycle, you know, you could have a whole complicated sequence on a p v diagram of steps going back.
因此，对某一的循环过程，可以在pV图上画出,一系列很复杂的小步骤。
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And what he could show was that it could be expressed, this is a picture from his 1994 science paper, in that e coli, and it is going to fluoresce green.
他证明了它可以被表达，这是1994年science文章里的一张图，在这大肠杆菌里，它有绿色的萤光。
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So what we can say is look at each of these separately, so if we start with looking at the 2 p z orbital, the highest probability of finding an electron in the 2 p z orbital, is going to be along this z-axis.
我们可以来分别看看这些图，首先来看看2pz轨道，在2pz轨道里,找到电子的最大概率，是沿着ｚ轴。
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So, again we can use these probability density plots, which are just a plot of psi squared, where the density of the dots is proportional to the density, the probability density, at that point.
同样的我们可以利用这些概率密度图，这是psi的平方的图，这里面点的密度，正比于概率密度。
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So what I've said so far is, a particle moving in time from point to point can be represented by a graph, x versus t.
到目前为止,我说过,一个质点随时间的连续运动,可以用一幅x-t图来表示
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And what here is just a graph of the 1 s wave function going across some radius defined this way, and you can see that the probability - well, this is the wave function, so we would have to square it and think about the probability.
这里是,1s波函数,沿这个方向的图，你们可以看到概率,这是波函数，所以我们可以把它平方,并想成是概率。
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And I can find the orientation of the arrow You have the option of either working with the two components of A or with the arrow.
我也可以求得矢量的方向,你可以选择使用,A 的两个分量或者矢量图来计算
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If I told you that 'draw me a nucleotide from RNA that has ', you could go back to this picture and you could draw the whole thing.
如果让你找RNA中碱基是A的核苷酸,你可以看着这个图,就能找出其全部结构
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And for a 2 s orbital, you get a graph that's going to look something like this.
对于２ｓ轨道，你们可以得到一个大致是这样的图。
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