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They prevent the ligand from reaching its natural receptor, and so that antagonizes or inhibits the function of the natural ligand.
它们能够阻止配体与受体的结合,这样就拮抗或者说是抑制了配体的功能
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Sometimes receptors, when they interact with ligands, create changes in what proteins are actually being produced by the cell.
有时受体与配体结合后,带来的变化实际是,决定细胞开始合成何种蛋白质
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That ligand was one for which the cell had a receptor that further encouraged it to produce more of the ligand.
对于带有对应受体的细胞来说,这种配体能够刺激细胞产生更多的配体
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What insulin is doing inside your body is acting as a ligand for insulin receptors which stimulate certain kinds of cellular responses.
胰岛素在体内的功能就是作为,胰岛素受体的配体,刺激产生某种细胞效应
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They bind sometimes better than the natural ligand does, but they don't create the right biological reaction.
结合的比天然配体和受体的的结合更紧密,但不能产生相同的生物效应
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Depending on which cell you are you would call one the 'receptor' and the other the 'ligand'.
这取决于你将哪种细胞上的分子,称为受体,哪种称为配体
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The rest of these examples refer to receptors as I've been describing them and ligands that are soluble and can move around the body.
我接下来要讲的有关受体,以及能游走于体内各处可溶性的配体
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If a ligand comes and interacts with a receptor, it opens up; In the presence of this ligand, if the ligand goes away, it closes.
如果配体与受体相互作用,在配体存在的情况下通道打开,如果配体脱离,通道就关闭
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This is, maybe, the strangest because the ligand that stimulates the receptor is produced by the cell itself; so sometimes cells make signals that they receive.
它可能是最奇特的,因为激活受体的配体,是由细胞自身产生的,有时细胞产生让自己接受的信号
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There's a diverse range of responses that might occur, but that response is initiated by this simple chemical process of a ligand binding to a receptor.
细胞对外界信号可能会发生不同的反应,但这些反应都源自,配体和受体结合这个简单的化学过程
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Here, there are receptors on one cell and the ligand that they experience is not a dissolved molecule, but actually a molecule that's attached to another cell.
这个细胞上有许多受体,与之结合的配体并非是可溶性分子,而是一个附着在其他细胞上的分子
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Sometimes they inhibit by just preventing the ligand from interacting with its receptor.
有时它们只是,干扰配体和受体的相互作用
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If you think about receptor ligand system as an input into the cell.
如果将受体-配体系统看作,细胞的一种输入机制的话
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Much of the work that pharmaceutical companies do in terms of searching for drugs is searching for new ligands that activate receptors and create biological responses inside cells.
很多制药公司新药筛选工作的主要内容,就是寻找能够激活受体的,新型配体,并在细胞内部产生某种生物学效应
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Today let's think about it more generally as ligands and receptors.
今天我们讲讲普遍意义上的配体和受体
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Well, then you could imagine a cycle here where activation of the receptor is leading to production of more ligand, is leading to activation of the receptor and production of a ligand.
那么,你就能画出一个循环图,激活受体能导致,更多配体的生成,这些配体又会刺激受体生成更多配体
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Focus on the concepts of receptors and ligands.
关注受体和配体的概念
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That infection occurs because of a ligand receptor interaction on the cell surface where the virus itself is the ligand and it takes advantage of a receptor that's expressed on the cell surface.
感染的发生是由于,配体与细胞表面受体相互作用,病毒是配体,它利用了在,细胞表面表达的受体
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We're going to talk about this kind of non-covalent interaction more when we talk about the immune system, because one example of ligand and receptors that's important in the immune system are antigens - foreign molecules, and antibodies - molecules that we produce.
当我们讲到免疫系统的时候,会更详细地谈到这种非共价化合反应,因为在免疫系统中,一个重要的配体受体结合反应,就是抗原,即外源分子,与抗体,这个人体自身产生的分子结合
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The cell that's producing the signal produces enough of the molecule so that it enters the bloodstream, it circulates throughout your body, eventually it reaches a cell at a great distance, which has a receptor for that ligand and the signal gets received.
发出信号的细胞产生信号分子,数量十分充足 能够进入到血液中,信号随着血液流遍全身,最终到达较远处的细胞,在这些细胞上有与配体配对的受体,信号被细胞接收
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Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.
胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部
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When the ligand is present it binds to the receptor outside the cell and it activates this G-protein.
当配体存在并与细胞表面的受体结合时,就会激活G蛋白
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If you have two different ligands stimulating two different receptors, and one causes activation of this enzyme and generation of cyclic AMP, cyclic AMP levels will start to rise.
如果有两种不同的配体,刺激不同的受体,一种能够活化酶,并促进生成cAMP,cAMP的水平就会升高
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It gets produced in response to a signal so there's a binding of a ligand to a receptor, the enzyme that does this conversion is activated and more cycle AMP is released.
这类分子的产生是对信号做出的一种反应,当配体和受体结合时,催化这种转化过程的酶被激活,更多的cAMP释放出来
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Immune cells recognize it, and they recognize it by a very special form of receptor-ligand interaction where the ligand is MHC1 with the foreign antigen and the receptor is a receptor called the T-cell receptor complex.
免疫细胞识别出染病细胞,通过一种特殊形式的,受体配体协作机制识别出来,其中的配体是同,外源抗原共同出现的MHC1,而这其中受体是T细胞受体复合体
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If another receptor operating from a different ligand does the same thing, generates an enzyme which causes cyclic AMP to increase, the rate of cyclic AMP increase is going to go up faster than if only one of these was activated.
如果受另一种配体激活的受体,能够完成相同的过程,即激活一种能够促进cAMP生成的酶,cAMP的生成速率会比,只有其中之一被激活时更加快
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