In the biochemical reactions that are taking place in your body, there is equilibrium between a whole myriad of reactants and products, and thank heavens that gets maintained.

在我们身体内进行的,生物化学反应中，大量的反应物和产物,也是处于平衡状态，谢天谢地实际情况就是这样。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

In other words, we choose a convention for the zero of entropy, so that then we can write entropies of products and reactants always referring to the same standard state.

换句话说，我们选择了一个,焓零点的约定，这样我们,就可以总是相对于同样的标准,状态写出生成物和反应物的焓。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If that protein is an enzyme then you've and you've switched it from an 'off' position where it's not catalyzing a reaction to an 'on' position where it is, you've changed the biochemical state of the cell, you've changed the chemical reactions that can occur within the cell, and you've changed its behavior.

如果这种蛋白是一种酶的话,你就能够将酶从无催化作用的静息态,激活至能催化反应的激活态,你改变了细胞的生化状态,也改变了细胞内发生的化学反应,改变了细胞的行为

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Of course, the cyclic steps that we've taken to do this apply not just for breaking down reactants and product into the elements in their standards states, but of course we could also look at whole sets of reactions and write cycles as well, right.

当然，我们这里用的循环的,步骤不仅仅在把生成物,和反应物拆成其标准状态下,的元素时有效,我们也可以研究整个一系列,反应并写出相应循环。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选