So far our ability to de-differentiate cells or find out how to do that is limited.

迄今为止,我们令细胞去分化的能力,和技术方法还相当有限

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This part of the cell becomes depolarized because it gets the message that it's supposed to depolarize because of all the inputs that impinge on these dendrites.

这一部分细胞会去极化,因为它得到了,树突上接受到的神经冲动所传达的,要求它去极化的信息

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So this means we can code for it in DNA, you don't have to worry how am I going to get into the cell.

这意味着我们可以在DNA中编写它，你不用担心它怎么进到细胞里去。

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Now, all you have to do is introduce that virus into an organism and the virus will do what it naturally does, which is infect some cells.

剩下你要做的就是将之导入某个生物,病毒自己就会做好自己的本分,也就是去感染细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

How we could take cells that are differentiated to some extent and make them de-differentiate, to go back in the process of differentiation so that they gain more potential.

我们如何把一些已经分化到,一定程度的细胞去分化,使其回到分化之前,重新获得更多的潜能

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

These released particles can now go on and infect neighboring cells, they can travel in the bloodstream to infect cells at a distance and the virus spreads throughout a multicellular host.

这些释放出的病毒颗粒,可以继续感染邻近的细胞,它们可以随着血流去感染远距离的细胞,于是病毒可以在多细胞宿主体内全面扩散

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That is also an advantage of using them as gene therapy vehicles because they will only infect cells that they are - that they have an affinity for or that they're prone to affect.

非常有利于将其,作为基因治疗的载体使用,因为它们只能感染那些--,它们对之具有亲和性,或者说它们倾向于去感染的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If I looked within the skin, one of the lower layers of your skin, the connective tissue layer, you'd find many fibroblasts there and they're just waiting in a more rounded shape than this, just waiting to do their job.

如果观察皮肤,更深处的一层细胞,结缔组织层,就能看到许多成纤维细胞,它们平时形状接近圆形,时刻准备着去完成自己的任务

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We're going to talk about those in more detail in a couple of weeks when we talk about the immune system because these are the cells that perform and regulate the functions of our immune system that protect us from disease.

在后几周的有关免疫的课程上,我们会详细说明的,因为我们免疫系统的功能,要依靠这些细胞去完成和调节,它们使我们免受疾病侵害

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, it would be useful because if I could take cells from the skin, find stem cells in the skin and then de-differentiate them so that they were now capable of becoming liver, or brain, or things that they're not going to become in their normal site, then that could be a very powerful tool for medicine.

这是因为,如果我能取一些皮肤细胞,找一些皮肤干细胞,并将它们去分化,那它们就能分化成肝脏,大脑或其他一些,它们原本分化不出来的细胞,这可以成为一个医学利器

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选