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That is to say, it is subservient to the natural world; its importance is that it refers to that world.
也就是说，这些学科都是自然世界的奴仆;,它们存在的价值就是去解释那个自然世界。
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Yeah! Turns out it's a real job, so I'm going to try for that.
没错！这个工作是真实存在的，所以我想去试试。
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We will initially think about the first question: Do we have any good reason to believe in souls at all?
我们将要开始考虑第一个问题,我们到底有没有理由去相信灵魂的存在
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So if I get rid of these arrows, there's no heat flowing because they're in thermal equilibrium, then I can't have an arrow here.
所以如果我擦去这些箭头，没有热流存在,因为它们处于热平衡，那么这里也不能存在一个箭头。
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They can only be moral if there is some semblance of human choice or will expressed in the relationship, our ability to do otherwise.
它们的道德性只存在于,人类在关系和,去做其他事情的能力当中，选择或者表达意愿的时候。
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I don't know how to define it exactly, but I feel so incredibly alive.
我不知道怎么样去定义它，但我真的感到真实的存在感。
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That's almost saying there are difficulties, and you didn't treat them either.
那等同于在说存在这些困难，只是没有去处理而已。
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Same with the Priestly school: we're speaking about the Priestly materials which clearly have evidence of originating from the eighth, seventh, sixth and fifth centuries, and so there must have been a common stretch of scholarship that would have preserved and transmitted and developed those traditions, and we call that the Priestly school.
这与牧师学派相同：我们指的是那些被显著证据证明,起源于公元前8世纪到5世纪的牧师学派的材料，那么一定存在一个共通的学派,去保存和传播,发展这些传统，我们称之为,牧师学派。
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Like when they devised the first engines or the first nuclear reactors, it didn't work so well at first and then from the experience of many people working on it, over many years, a body of knowledge emerges and that's what we call technology.
这和发明出第一个发动机,或者第一个核反应堆时一样,最开始总是存在很多问题,但随着很多人不断努力去完善它,一种理论体系才得以不断发展,这就是我们所说的科技
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There's at least some agreement that's going to be better for everybody than a strike, and yet, because they're conflicting interests there, basically in that case conflicting interest about health and pension payments, it could well be that you end failing to coordinate.
签订协议至少比,大家都去罢工要好一些吧,但话说回来,他们也的确存在利益冲突,笼统地讲是有关,健康问题和退休金的利益问题,这很容易会导致协调失败
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Sometimes when correspondence is saved you run into these kinds of problems, so we have to guess a little bit at what she was looking at.
有时即使资料的确存在,可找不到麻烦就来了，因而，我只能去猜测她的大意了。
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About how to debug programs where random choices are being made.
我们会谈谈当程序中,存在随机选择的时候怎么去调试程序。
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As I said the other day if that Confederate flag would just go away, just vanish, just stick it in the basement of museums and no one would ever care about it anymore, maybe, maybe the South's burden would go away.
正如我前段时间说过的,除非南北战争的邦联旗能够消失,被放进博物馆的地下室,再也没有任何人去关注它,那南方历史的阴影可能就真的不复存在了
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Now, in the posing the question that way, I've been assuming that these are things you'd do despite the fact that they run the risk of death.
现在，以这种方式提出了这个问题，我已经假设了存在尽管带有死亡的风险,但你仍会去做的事情。
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Socrates says, "No. On the contrary, we do have reason, based on the argument from recollection, to conclude that the soul was around before we were born."
苏格拉底说,不对,恰恰相反,基于回忆论,我们有理由去说,灵魂存在于我们出生之前
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We don't have any particular reason to think my heart's one of the prior-existing pieces; we don't have any good reason to assume that my soul's one of the prior-existing pieces.
我们没有什么理由,去相信我的心脏是之前就存在的,我们没有理由说,我的灵魂之前就是存在的
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So the mere fact that we decide, if we do ultimately decide that there is a soul, something nonphysical, separate and distinct from the body, doesn't guarantee that we survive our physical death.
根据我们仅有的事实去判断,如果我们最终判定灵魂是存在的,它是一种无形的,独立的,与肉体截然不同的东西,但仍不能保证我们会在肉体死亡后活下来
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Well, there are the various parts of our physical body, but there's also our soul. Remember, as I said, in introducing the Phaedo, Plato doesn't so much argue for the existence of something separate, the soul, as presuppose it.
肉体由许多不同的部件组成,但是同样也有灵魂,我在介绍斐多篇的时候,提到柏拉图并没有花大力气,去辩证肉体之外存在个什么东西,他直接默认了灵魂的存在
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But it's a bit cumbersome to constantly be asking: Might I still exist after the death of my body?
但是老是去问"我有没有可能,在死后依然存在"会让人觉得很厌烦
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Do you think there is something about the people who in a situation of depravation that makes them more inclined towards acknowledging God's presence?
你觉得是否有这样一类人,不健全的人生使得他们,更愿意去相信上帝的存在？
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We want to do that because we have too many variables here. We've already got dV p we'll get rid of p as an additional variable and replace it with V which is already in here.
我们之所以要那么做,是因为这儿有太多变量了,我们已经有了dV，我们要把,作为额外的变量消去，用已存在的V代换它。
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Next question is going to have to be: If there are, do we have any good reason to think that they survive the death of the body?
下一个问题将是,如果存在,我们有没有很好的理由去相信,肉体死亡后灵魂依旧存活
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The mind can think about them, but justice itself--this perfect, this idea of being perfectly just-- that's something the mind can think about, but it's not here in the world.
心灵可以去设想它们,但是正义本身,即完美的正义这个理念,它是可以用心灵去把握的,尽管在现实世界里不存在
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Earlier the objection was, We had no good reason to think the soul was one of the building blocks from which we're composed; we have no good reason to think it's one of the pieces that was around before our body got put together, before our birth.
早一点的反驳意见是,我们没有好的理由来相信灵魂,是组成我们的一个基础部件,我们没有好的理由去相信它是,在我们出生前,身体形成前就存在的部分之一
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