So, you can see how this can directly give us different ionization energies for any atom that we're interested in studying.

那么，大家可以理解,这种技术如何直接给出我们所要研究的,任何一种原子的所有不同的电离能。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

In terms of picking a Lewis structure that's going to be the lowest energy, what you want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the center of your atom.

为了挑选一个具有,最低能量的路易斯结构，你需要把电离能最低的原子,放在最当中的位置。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The first ionization energy of lithium is about 5.4 electron volts per atom.

锂的一级电离能,大约是每原子5。4电子伏。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

But, in fact, we can also talk about the ionization energy of different states of the hydrogen atom or of any atom.

但实际上我们也可以讨论氢原子,或者其它任何原子的其它能级的电离能。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

What we've learned so far is as a first approximation, what we want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the middle here.

我们之前所学的可以作为第一近似，我们要做的是把电离能,最低的原子放在中间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So I said that this technique was used to experimentally determine what the different binding energies or the different ionization energies are for the different states in a multielectron atom.

我说过，这项技术被用来,在实验上确定多电子原子的,各个不同态相应的束缚能,或者电离能。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So here we have that graphed here, Z we have atomic number z graphed against ionization energy, so, let's fill in what the actual atoms are here, and we can see in general, yes, we're following the trend.

这就是我们要画的，横坐标是原子序数，纵坐标是电离能，让我们把真正的原子填上去，我们可以看出，总体来说，没错，满足规律。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But what I'm going to tell you already is this is a case where, in fact, it's an exception to the idea that the lowest energy structure has the lowest ionization energy in the middle, and we can figure this out when we look at formal charge.

但是我已经告诉大家这个例子，实际上，是中心原子电离能最低的结构,的能量最低这一思路的一个例外，我们可以通过形式电荷看出这一点。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So we should be able to calculate a z effective for any atom that we want to talk about, as long as we know what that ionization energy is.

我们应该可以计算出任何一个,我们想要谈论的原子的有效电荷量，只要我们知道电离能是多少。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, we keep the atoms with the lowest ionization energy in the center.

因此，我们把电离能,最低的原子放在中间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, thinking about ionization energy, which atom would you put in the middle here?

那么，从电离能的角度考虑，大家会把哪个原子放在中间？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Often a good thing to start with is to put the lowest ionization energy atom in the middle, and if you don't have charge separation then go with that structure, but if you do find you have a lot of separation, such as the case in negative 2, positive 2, and minus 1, then you want to say wait a second, this is really bad in terms of formal charge, let me go ahead and see what other options I have here.

通常一开始把电离能最低的原子,放在中心位置就很好了，如果你发现电荷没有分开,那么这个结构就没问题了，但是如果你发现有很多分开的电荷，比如这种情况，有负二，正二和负一，那么你会想要说等一下，从形式电荷来看这很不好，让我去看看其它可能的选择。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if that's the case doing a quick little calculation, what would the ionization energy be for a 2 p electron in neon?

么请稍微计算一下，氖原子的，2，p，电子的,电离能是多大？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选