No, we call that work positive work. All right, so that means we need to put a negative sign right here, by convention.

历史上有过不同的习惯，这里我们规定,如果环境对系统做功。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Levi-Strauss writes: Whatever may have been the moment and the circumstances of its appearance in the scale of animal life, language could only have been born in one fell swoop.

列维，施特劳斯写道：,不论语言是何时何种环境下,在动物的历史中诞生的，语言只可能是一刹那间诞生。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Second of all, there's generally an account of the historical circumstances that are leading to the treaty: so some kind of historical prologue.

第二个，交代一下,签订契约的，大的历史环境,也就是，历史开场白。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

And then next time, next Wednesday-- - because remember we're not meeting on Monday-- next Wednesday, I'll do a similar kind of lecture for everything you need to know about Ancient Judaism, to put the New Testament into its historical context.

下次课上，下周三-,周一没课-,下周三，我会讲你们需要了解的,古代犹太教的知识，将新约放在历史环境中进行研究。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

If the food environment had evolved very slowly, as it had in earlier human history, the body would have a chance to adapt.

如果食品环境演化很缓慢,像它在人类早期历史时那样,机体就有机会去适应这样的食品环境

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

There's now an environmental history being written of the impact of the Market Revolution.

如今人们正在编纂一部环境的历史,内容是自然环境受到市场革命后的影响

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

Religion can't be divorced from social, political, and historical contexts and issues.

宗教无法脱离于社会，政治，及历史环境与事件。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选