All Southerners who try to express themselves in art are very much aware that they are party to a defeat."

所有希望藉由艺术的方式,表达自身的南方人都很清楚,他们是战败的一方"

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

And both sides, both North and South, in their political leadership, in their economic leadership, were led by hard-boiled, believing, practicing, capitalists.

而且南方和北方双方的,政治领导,和经济领袖,都是久经世故,信仰坚定的老练资本家

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

We now know, if we know anything about the Old South, the average American planter, the average American slaveholder, small ones and big ones, were raging capitalists.

如果我们对内战前的南方有所了解,就知道几乎每个种植园主,每个奴隶主,无论资产多少,都是精明的资本家

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

Some of the South's greatest critics, of course, have been Southerners.

一些南方问题上最伟大的批评家,显然,都是南方人

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

But if there's one thing and this is a little risky because there are always holes in any claim like this but if there's one distinct feature of the Old South society and indeed its leadership and most of its people, it would be what we might label anti-modernism.

但有一点,具有一定的风险,因为任何论点中都会有漏洞,如果说旧南方社会,的领导层和大部分人民,都有一个显著的特点,那就是在我们看来,他们是反现代的

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选