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So, now with this framework, I said that talking about these valence electrons might give us some insight into chemical reactivity.
所以，现在对于这个结构，我认为讨论价电子能,会让我们对化学反应有更深的领悟。
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What I want to do is get you to appreciate the unique perspective that you will get from studying solid-state chemistry.
我要做的是，让你们,欣赏领会到它独特的远景,在学习固体化学的过程中。
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I love chemistry now. Be very careful what you say. Have any of you made that statement about hating a subject?
我现在很喜欢化学,所以你们说话的时候,可要小心咯？
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Chemistry and biology, physics has the advantage that the desktop experiments can do are relatively straight forward than not dangerous.
化学和生物的话，物理有一个好处就是,桌面实验能做到,直观却不危险,地反映结果。
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I can take an insulated box, and I can have a chemical reaction in that insulated box.
里面进行着化学反应,比如说把一个药店。
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If I could find the unique set of proteins that correspond to those genes I could define chemically what the cell is.
而我又能找到和这些基因对应的,这种独特的蛋白,我就能通过化学手段确认这是哪种细胞
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Another experiment would be to mix two chemicals together and put a thermometer in and measure the temperature.
比方说做这样一个试验,将两种化学试剂混合然后测定反应温度
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So now, the enzyme is locked up with being built, and the penicillin has effectively killed the bacteria.
所以这是我第一次感受到,我想在单个原子的层面上思考这些分子,所以这时我的专业转到了化学方向。
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So, we have an octet of the electrons that seems to be associated with chemical inertness.
所以我们有八电子结构,它看起来和化学惰性有关。
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And my plan was going along fine until something happened, and what happened was that chemistry was just way more interesting than I anticipated.
但我觉得最好在第一学期就把化学课选了,所以我就这么干了,我的计划一直都很顺利,直到我发现化学比我想象中的要有趣的多。
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What does come out, which is very useful is, if you do run the reaction, here's how much heat comes out.
能得到的结果是，如果我们进行这个化学反应，有多少热量放出，当然这也是很重要的。
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This means you can vary the neutron number without changing chemical identity, because chemical identity is fixed by the proton.
这表示你可以改变中子数,而不会改变它的化学特性，因为化学特性是由质子决定的。
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So, here's the syllabus: two big blocks, first block general principles of chemistry, 1 and that's the same whether you take 3.091 or 5.111 or 5.112.
这就是教学大纲，两大块，第一部分是化学的通则，关于这点，我们的课程1,还有，5。111课程以及，5。112课程都是一样的。
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That's why I'm teaching chemistry. Electrochemistry is the most important branch of chemistry.
那就是我教化学的原因，电化学,则是化学最为重要的分支。
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It's a state function, so we're at constant temperature and pressure, and now we want to consider some chemical change or a phase transition or you name it.
这就是态函数，我们处于恒定的温度和压强之下，然后考虑某些化学变化或者相变,或者你想考虑的东西。
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That tells us the direction of spontaneous change for ordinary processes, chemical processes, mixing and you name it, under conditions that are easy to achieve in the lab.
这个物理量告诉我们在实验室,能够实现的条件下通常的过程，化学过程，混合以及你所能想到的过程，自发进行的方向。
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And I said to my advisor, "No, no. I have taken chemistry in high school, and I can assure you that chemistry has no relevance whatsoever to the life sciences."
于是我就去和我导师说：,“我在高中学过化学，我向你保证化学和生命科学,没有任何关联“
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So, I went to the library and I looked up Advances in Molten Salt Chemistry volume six because there's an article in there about the chemistry and electrochemistry of magnesium production.
所以我去了趟图书馆，查阅了,第六版的《高级熔融态盐化学》,因为那里面有一篇关于生产镁的,化学和电化学的文章。
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You can bring any calculator you want, we don't actually have restrictions for calculator types here, but what you can't do, is you can't program any relevant chemical or information about constants in there.
你可以带你想用的任何一种计算器，我们并不限制计算器的类型，但是有一点是不允许的，那就是你不能使用编程的功能来记录,相关的化学常数或其它信息。
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I said at the core blitz that one of the things I'm going to try to do is introduce some things from beyond chemistry. So, let's see what the Bard had to say about nomenclature.
我曾在核心闪电战上说,我想做的意见事情就是介绍一些东西,出于化学，也高于化学，所以，我们看看巴德对命名法是怎么说的。
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These are actually all examples that we'll talk about in freshman chemistry at some point, as an example of a connection between a chemical principle we learn, and what we can know about how it functions.
作为联系一个我们,所学的化学原理,和我们能知道它，如何工作的例子。
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That didn't happen to me -- once I got into the lab, I didn't want to leave. So, I thought, "You know what, I think I'll change the medical school plans and now I'm going to go all the way -- chemistry major, chemistry grad school."
这很好，但我不是这样，我一进入到实验室就不想离开了，所以我想“你知道吗,我想把我学习医学的计划改成化学-,我要学化学专业，读化学研究生“
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And I didn't specify the conditions, but if we were to do this under ordinary chemical conditions of some, you'd say room temperature and pressure, right, they all happen spontaneously.
我并没有特别说明反应条件，但是如果我们在通常的化学条件下,实现这些化学反应，比如在室温和大气压下下，他们都是自发的。
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So we can think about something I mentioned last time, which is when we're thinking about chemistry and what's really interesting in terms of chemical reactions, it's mostly valence electrons we're talking about, those are the ones that tend to be involved in chemical reactions.
我们可以考虑一下我上次提到过的一件事，那就是如果我们讨论化学,以及什么是化学反应中,真正令人感兴趣的东西，我们讨论的几乎都是价电子，它们才是在化学反应中,真正起作用的部分。
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So, you'll be learning in this class 512 a great preparation for 512, which is organic chemistry.
做有机化学需要知道的东西,你们学这门课程将为课程，也就是有机化学打下基础。
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PROFESSOR: Chemistry, And, of course, our professions, actress and chemistry professor.
教授：化学，当然了，我们的职业就是演员和化学教授。
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And I, like hopefully some of you in this room, discovered that chemistry was actually a lot of fun, and that the chemistry I got in college was pretty much nothing like the chemistry I had seen in high school.
这不是因为喜欢，而是被强迫的，但我希望在座的各位中,有人能发现化学的乐趣,大学学的化学课程和高中完全不一样。
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So if we want to put that in chemical terms, we want to make sure we put these in brackets here, and remember, this is the resonance arrow, it's not a reaction arrow, it's a resonance arrow, so make sure you mark it up correctly like that.
那么如果我们把它类比到化学中来，我们要确保它们都放在括号里，而且要记住，这是一个表示共振态的箭头，而不是表示化学反应的，它是一个表示共振态的箭头，因此请务必像这样正确地标记它。
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Just to illustrate the kind of issues that we're up against here, let me just consider a few different chemical reactions, all of which happen spontaneously.
为了说明我们的观点,考虑一些，不同的化学反应，这些化学反应都是自发进行的。
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Don't worry about how they work in the immune system, but what if you could manufacture antibodies then you could make a chemical, an antibody, that is capable of binding to a specific other chemical and you could use that for things.
别管它们在免疫系统内是怎么工作的,只要考虑能不能制造抗体,那么假设你能制造这种化学物质 抗体,抗体又能够同其他特别的化学物质结合,你就可以让抗体为我所用
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